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100

  1. What is GCaMP? (13.49) (18.35-37)

    1. A camp for kids whose names begin with G

    2. An enzyme that modifies ATP 

    3. I hope Tame Impala drops a new album this year

    4. A fusion protein made by scientists to detect calcium

A fusion protein made by scientists to detect calcium

100

  1. Which of the following is false? (14)

    1. Proteins are uniformly distributed in eukaryotic cells

    2. Proteins have sequences that target them to specific compartments 

    3. Caitlin Clark is the goat

    4. Even organelles that have their own translational machinery (ribosomes) import proteins

Proteins are uniformly distributed in eukaryotic cells

100

  1. How do plants use the glucose made by the dark reactions? (17.2.9-10)

    1. Exactly as animal cells do: Glycolysis->pyruvate-> Mitochondria->Krebs cycle->ETC 

    2. They convert glucose to starch for storage in chloroplasts 

    3. They make cellulose for the cell wall from glucose 

    4. All of the above

All of the above

100

What is the function of adenylyl cyclase? (18.31-32)

To convert ATP into cAMP.

100

  1. Neurobiologists use a ratio of the phosphorylated map kinase pathway kinase pERK/ERK as an indicator of ________. (19.1.10-11)

    1. Activation of sonic hedge hog signaling 

    2. Activation of the apoptotic pathways 

    3. Fate acquisition 

    4. Neuronal activity

Neuronal activity

200

  1. In the nervous system the intensity of a stimulus is encoded by ________________ while the nature of the stimulus (sensory modality) is encoded by _____________. (13.45-48)

    1. Location, frequency of action potentials 

    2. frequency of action potentials, location

    3. Intensity of the action potentials, neurotransmitter phenotype 

    4. Neurotransmitter phenotype, intensity of the action potentials

frequency of action potentials, location

200

  1. RAN serves as an important factor in the concentration of nuclear proteins in the nucleus. What feature of the regulation of RAN promotes the release of cargo into the nucleus, resulting in a concentration of nuclear proteins? (14.16)

    1. You are my sunshine, my only sunshine

    2. Inside the nucleus of ur mom

    3. RAN-GEF is found only in the cytoplasm and RAN-GAP is found only in the nucleus 

    4. RAN-GEF is found only in the nucleus and RAN-GAP is found only in the cytoplasm

RAN-GEF is found only in the nucleus and RAN-GAP is found only in the cytoplasm

200

  1. For this question {AMP, ADP, P}= set 1, {ATP, Citrate, Fatty Acids}= set 2. Glycolysis is activated while gluconeogenesis is inhibited by ___________, while gluconeogenesis is activated and glycolysis is inhibited by _____________. (15.2.15)

    1. Components of set 1, components of set 2 

    2. Components of set 2, components of set 1

Components of set 1, components of set 2 

200

  1. Quorum sensing often depends on what factor? (18.6-7)

    1. The diversity of the bacterial community 

    2. Density of the bacteria

    3. The availability of UV light 

    4. Infection by bacteriophages

Density of the bacteria

200

  1. In notch/delta signaling the key effect of binding that activates the pathway is _________. (19.2.2-3)


    1. To turn on G-protein coupled receptor signaling 

    2. To block the activity of Wingless signaling 

    3. To apply tension to the Notch protein inducing intracellular cleavage

    4. To block transcription 

To apply tension to the Notch protein inducing intracellular cleavage

300

  1. How do the inward rectifier potassium channels help to set the resting potential of the cell? (13.31)

    1. They open when the voltage of the cell increases slightly, opposing the depolarization 

    2. They open when the voltage of the cell decreases slightly opposing the hyperpolarization 

    3. Bananas are the best fruit

    4. If you don’t like bananas, you must be eating them while it’s still green or something

They open when the voltage of the cell increases slightly, opposing the depolarization

300

  1. In mitochondria, proteins pass through two membranes- how do they do this? (14.19-20)

    1. Vesicles from the golgi apparatus carrying proteins targeted to the mitochondria fuse with the membrane 

    2. Protein binding to the translocation channel in the outer mitochondrial membrane recruits the inner membrane protein channel

    3. Only hydrophobic proteins pass into the mitochondria by fusing with the membranes 

    4. I’d be content with no tame drop though, i'm still tearing through sterolab’s massive (french disko)graphy.

Protein binding to the translocation channel in the outer mitochondrial membrane recruits the inner membrane protein channel

300

  1. What is the most common effect of loss of function mutations in genes encoding glycolytic enzymes? (GlycolysisInClass.29-33)

    1. Polydactyly 

    2. Hemolytic anemia 

    3. Loss of mitochondria 

    4. Seizure disorders

Hemolytic anemia

300

  1. How does a single celled paramecium show the surprisingly complicated behavior of backing up when it bumps into something? (18.39-40)

    1. Light sensitive channels promote phototaxis (swimming towards light); bumping into objects block light promoting backward swimming 

    2. A mechanically sensitive phospholipase C activates forward swimming by producing Diacylglycerol 

    3. Ciliary beating promotes forward swimming, mechanically gated calcium channels cause ciliary reversal and backward swimming

    4. Is anyone a Beach House fan? If so, you’re my new BFF

  1. Ciliary beating promotes forward swimming, mechanically gated calcium channels cause ciliary reversal and backward swimming

300

  1. In hedgehog pathway signaling the role of Patched is ___________. (19.2.5-8)

    1. To inhibit smoothened

    2. To activate smoothened 

    3. To inhibit Gli 

    4. To activate Gli

To inhibit smoothened

400

What property of sodium channels PREVENTS the action potential from spreading in both directions along an axon? (13.38,40)

  1. The opening of sodium channels in response to depolarizing voltages 

  2. The closed state of sodium channels after high voltages are reached 

  3. The inactivation of sodium channels by the cytoplasmic tail of the channel

  4. All of the above

The inactivation of sodium channels by the cytoplasmic tail of the channel

 

400

  1. What would be the net effect of mutating the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum signal peptidase on the presence of rough ER and on the secretion of proteins? (14.26-28)

    1. The cell would have rough ER but would not secrete proteins

    2. The cell would not have rough ER but would secrete proteins 

    3. The cell would have rough ER and would secrete proteins

    4. presence of rough ER and on the secretion of proteins? 

The cell would have rough ER but would not secrete proteins

400

Why is stepwise oxidative phosphorylation of glucose so much more efficient than burning the glucose all in one step? (15.1.3)

The energy gets stored in the carrier molecules in oxidative phosphorylation (NADH, FADH), if you just burn it, all the energy gets released as heat.

400

  1. How does acetylcholine signaling promote distinct responses in distinct tissues? (18.13)

    1. Different tissues have different channels that open in response to binding acetylcholine 

    2. Different tissues have different classes of receptors (g-protein coupled vs ligand gated ion channels)

    3. The second messenger pathways expressed by different tissues determine the response 

    4. All of the above

  1. Different tissues have different classes of receptors (g-protein coupled vs ligand gated ion channels)

400

  1. In the spinal cord, Sonic Hedgehog signaling __________of Delta. (19.2.12-13)

    1. Blocks wingless signaling 

    2. Forms a dorsal/ventral gradient that sets neuronal fates

    3. Promotes axon pathfinding 

    4. Broadly activates protein synthesis

Forms a dorsal/ventral gradient that sets neuronal fates

500

Name all of the different types of gated ion channels. (13.28)

Ligand gating
Voltage gating
Stretch or pressure gating
Phosphorylation gating

500

How do SCAP and SREBP regulate cholesterol levels? (14.24)

When cholesterol is high, it binds to SCAP in the ER membrane. Nothing happens. When it is low, a vesicle containing SCAP and SREBP breaks off from the ER membrane. It fuses to the golgi where proteases cleave a portion of SREBP, which then goes into the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor for genes that produce cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes

500

  1. How does the interaction of electrons with the multiprotein complexes of the electron transport chain result in the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane? (16.16-17)

    1. The energy of the electrons creates and electrically polarized pore that forces the positively charge protons through 

    2. The electrons are associated with the outer leaflet of the inner membrane, providing a electromotive force for the protons 

    3. Electron binding to the pumps of the electron transport chain cause bond rearrangements that result in the binding of a proton from the matrix and release of a proton from the complex into the intermembrane space 

    4. The proton pumps first pump electrons into the intermembrane space and the protons follow

Electron binding to the pumps of the electron transport chain cause bond rearrangements that result in the binding of a proton from the matrix and release of a proton from the complex into the intermembrane space

500

In G-protein coupled receptor signaling how are the G- alpha and beta/gamma g-proteins activated? (18.25-26)

  1. Receptor binding to ligand releases the G-proteins 

  2. Receptor activation induces docking of the receptor with target signaling molecules 

  3. Activated receptor causes exchange of GDP for GTP, releasing the G-proteins 

  4. Activated receptor causes phosphorylation of the G-proteins, activating them

Activated receptor causes exchange of GDP for GTP, releasing the G-proteins

500

Explain why the RasG12V is an oncogene (19.1.7)

This mutation in ras, which helps cause cell proliferation and division, permanently activates it.