Leukocyte Trafficking
What type of cell adhesion molecule is required for the rolling stage of leukocyte trafficking?
What are "selectins"?
When do Primary Immunodeficiencies present?
When is early in life?
What is a neoplasm?
What is cancer/uncontrolled division, invasion and metastasis of self cells?
Hypersensitivity reactions of this type involve cell-bound antigens
What are Type II hypersensitivities?
This type of vaccine involves using purified macromolecules from a pathogen.
What is a subunit vaccine?
This assay quantifies infectious virus particles.
What is plaque assay?
What term do we use to describe a transplant from a different spcies?
What is a "xenograft/xenotransplant"?
This autoimmune disease targets myelin that wraps the axon portion of neurons & oligodendrocytes.
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Following extravasation, the process mediated by chemokines that directs the leukocyte to the site of infection is known as ...
What is chemotaxis?
These are affected by SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)
What are T-cells?
What is the name of the anti-tumor cytokine that macrophages secrete?
What is "TNF-α"?
All types of hypersensitivities have these two stages.
What are sensitization and pathology?
Viridians Streptococci is a pathogen normally found in the mouth, however, if these bacteria enter the bloodstream, it can settle and grow on heart valves (HINT: an area it is not usually found), causing severe damage. What type of pathogen would this be considered?
What is "opportunistic pathogen?"
What is the reason why athymic mice are a common animal model for cancer research?
What is because they don't reject cancer cells due to missing thymus (missing all T cells & most B cells)
Which immune privileged site lacks lymphatic drainage which prevents Ags from interacting with immune cells?
What is the "eye/lens of the eye"?
Myasthenia gravis targets this type of tissue
What are muscle cells at motor-neuron junction?
What type of selectins are present in platelets?
What are P-Selectins?
This results when there is a deletion of chromosome 22.
What is DiGeorge's Syndrome?
This immunotherapy involves activating the adaptive immune system to work against antigens only found in cancerous cells.
What are neoantigen vaccines?
Which treatment is responsible for binding and blocking Rh+ antigen, effectively preventing B-cell activation and production of anti-Rh IgG antibodies?
What is "Rhogam"?
This immune cell is what primarily controls fungal infections.
What are Th1 cells?
This heterologous element in PVSRIPO replaces the IRES of poliovirus, reducing neurovirulence while preserving cancer cytotoxicity.
What is human rhinovirus?
Which part of tolerance is responsible for generating our t-regulatory cells?
What is peripheral tolerance
In Type I diabetes, autoreactive CTLs kill _______ in the pancreas.
What are "insulin-producing beta cells"?
What are the receptors and ligands involved in attracting T cells to an HEV? Hint: recall chemokines
What are CCR7 (chemokine receptor expressed on T-cell) and CCL21 (chemokine expressed by HEV)?
A symptom of this immunodeficiency is Eosinophilia
What is Hyper IgE syndrom (Job's Syndrome)?
How do monoclonal antibodies activate immune mediated killing? One example of this is Antibody Dependent Phagocytosis (ADP)...name the two others discussed in class.
What is Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity and Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity?
Give three examples of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction.
What are Arthus, Farmer's Lung, Arthritis, Vasculitis, and Nephritis.
Name at least two strategies that bacteria utilize to evade the body's immune system?
Multiple answers permitted here "ex: secretion of proteases that cleave secretory IGA dimers, production of surface structures that inhibit phagocytosis, survival within phagocytic cells, induction of apoptosis in macrophages, resistance of gram-positive bacteria to complement mediated lysis, secretion of elastase that inactivates C3a and C5a, and enhanced invasiveness using hyaluronidase
This innate immune cell type dominated tumor infiltration after PVSRIPO treatment, constituting over 80% of infiltrates in treated models.
What are Neutropihls?
During a transplant, donor cells can attack recipient cells. What disease is this?
What is Graft vs. Host Disease?
Treatments involving this chronic autoimmune disease involve increasing acetylcholine levels.
What is myasthenia gravis?
Name the three types of selectins discussed in class and what cells they're on
E (endothelial) selectin, L (leukocyte) selectin, P (platelet) selectin
These combined immunodeficiency disorders are X-linked
What is Hyper-IgM Syndrome and Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome?
Draw the components of a CAR T-cell.
Components: 1) Targeting Antibody (Single-chain variable fragment (scfv) thats gives receptor antigen specificity) 2) CD3-zeta (Contains ITAM (Immune Tyrosine Activating Motif) for internal signaling) 3) Costimulatory domains (CD28, OX40, CD137, promote CAR activation)
How does epinephrine stop systemic anaphylaxis (3 things)?
1) relaxes smooth muscles in airways, 2) increases cardiac output to prevent vascular collapse, 3) reduce vascular permeability
Passive immunization can potentially lead to these two hypersensitivities.
What are Type I and Type III?
Which poliovirus receptor is only found on human cells?
What is CD155?
What is Belatacept and what does it induce?
Soluble CTLA-4 protein that can induce T cell anergy
What is an extrinsic factor of autoimmunity where pathogens contain antigen that are similar to self antigen.
What is molecular mimicry?