Mitosis Phases
What is the correct order of the mitotic phases?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is a chromatid?
A replicated chromosome. A piece of DNA copied.
Cytokinesis occurs before telophase. True or false.
False.
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
Meiosis forms 4 haploid cells in 2 rounds of division
Mitosis forms 2 diploid cells in 1 round of division
When can you introduce genetic variation?
Prophase I by crossing over
Metaphase I and Anaphase I by chance
When do the centrioles separate?
Prophase
What structure is responsible for pulling the chromatids apart during anaphase?
Mitotic spindle fibers
(microtubules)
What cells never leave G1?
What is the same about mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis and Meiosis II.
Give examples of using genotype T:
homozygous
heterozygous
dominant
recessive
Homozygous (tt, TT)
Heterozygous (Tt)
Dominant (TT, Tt)
Recessive (tt)
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
This protein transfers a phosphate from ATP to other target proteins, but only when bound by a particular kind of cyclin
Cyclin-dependent kinases
What is the function of cyclin E? When does it occur?
Turn on growth-promoting enzymes. G1 Phase
What event only occurs in prophase I?
3 different distinct phenotypes is...
incomplete dominance
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is a centromere?
A location along the chromosome that holds sister chromatids together.
What is the function of Cyclin A? When does it occur?
Turn on the DNA replicating enzyme. S Phase.
What events occur during metaphase I?
DNA lines up in the middle of the cell, each unit consisting of a tetrad with four chromatids (two chromosomes)
What is pleiotropy? What is the opposite of pleiotropic?
1 gene but multiple phenotypes
Polygenic inheritance: 1 phenotype but multiple genes.
In what phase does the mitotic spindle finish forming due to phosphorylation, DNA condenses, and the nuclear membrane dissolves?
Prophase
Define Cyclins
proteins whose concentrations oscillate up and down during the cell cycle
What is the function of cyclin B? When does it occur?
Turn on the enzyme to get the cell to ready for mitosis. G2 Phase.
When do you see a tetrad? Mitosis or meiosis? During which phase?
Prophase I in meiosis?
What is epistasis?
1 gene alters or affects the expression of a second gene.