Intro to Pharm
How drugs are delivered through the body.
What is distribution?
When considering the various routes of drug elimination, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs mainly by these two routes.
What are the bowel and renal tubules?
Which phase of the nursing process requires the nurse to establish a comprehensive baseline of data concerning a particular patient?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
a. Assessment
Amount of pain a person can endure without impeding normal daily function.
What is pain tolerance?
Patient teaching for a patient taking antithyroid medication will include the need to avoid these foods.
What are iodine-rich foods? (eg. seafood, dairy, eggs, iodized salt, and some soy products)
This medication is a long-acting insulin has been ordered to be given at bedtime for a patient with diabetes.
What is Glargine?
The treatment of a condition to prevent or slow progression.
What is maintenance therapy?
A client has been using a topical estradiol patch at home and now reports having a full body sunburn. Which phase of pharmacokinetics will be disrupted?
What is absorption?
The nurse prepares and administers prescribed medications during which phase of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
c. Implementation
Fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, and oxycodone.
What are strong opioids?
A patient who is beginning therapy with levothyroxine. This is the time that it will take for the medication to start working.
What is a few weeks?
This is the duration of action for insulin glargine.
What is 24 hours?
The study of what happens to a drug once it enters the body.
What is pharmacokinetics?
A drug has a half-life of 5 hours, the amount of time it takes to be eliminated from the body.
What is 25 hours?
This phase of the nursing process requires validating subjective reports with objective findings before moving forward with any plan.
What is the Assessment phase?
A young man has been taken to the emergency department because of a suspected overdose of morphine tablets. The nurse prepares to administer this drug.
What is Naloxone?
The nurse has been providing patient education regarding thyroid hormone replacement therapy. The nurse would classify the heart skipping beats as into this category of medication information.
What is a normal side effect?
While monitoring a patient who is receiving insulin therapy, the nurse observes for which signs of hypoglycemia?
a. Decreased pulse and respiratory rates and flushed skin
b. Increased pulse rate and a fruity, acetone breath odor
c. Irritability, sweating, and confusion
d. Increased urine output and edema
c. Irritability, sweating, and confusion
The time required for one-half (50%) of the drug to be removed from the body.
What is half-life?
Possible fetal risk in humans is reported; however, consideration of potential benefit versus risk may, in selected cases, warrant use of these drugs in pregnant women.
What are Category D drugs?
The nurse is working with the client with diabetes to establish goals for an A1C target & a schedule for meals since being placed on repaglinide. What phase of the nursing process is the nurse working?
(Bonus) The client must eat within ___ minutes of taking a glinide.
What is planning?
(Bonus: 30 minutes. Skip if omitting a meal.)
Organ and smooth muscle pain.
What is visceral pain?
Octreotide is often used to manage this condition caused by excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and facial features.
What is acromegaly?
This is the timing of administering regular insulin.
What is 30 minutes before a meal?
When the amount of the drug eliminated and the amount of the drug absorbed are equal.
What is the steady state?
This term describes the biochemical changes to make the drug useful.
What is metabolism?
When administering insulin, the nurse rotates injection sites, follows the Five Rights of medication administration, and educates the patient — all part of this specific step.
What is the Implementation phase?
Moderate to severe pain is best treated with this medication.
What is Fentanyl?
This hormone, also called ADH, plays a key role in regulating the body’s water balance.
What is vasopressin?
This insulin can be given IV to control high blood glucose levels.
What is Regular Insulin?
The time required to elicit a therapeutic response.
What is the onset of action?
This field of study explains why two patients taking the same drug at the same dose may have completely different therapeutic responses or risks of adverse effects due to inherited differences in drug‑metabolizing enzymes.
What is pharmacogenomics?
This continuous cognitive process underlies every step of the nursing process and requires questioning, analyzing, and synthesizing information.
What is clinical reasoning or critical thinking?
This class of analgesics works primarily by binding to mu‑receptors in the CNS to decrease the perception of pain and alter emotional response to pain.
What are opioids?
An overdose or toxic levels of this medication is rare, but if it occurs can cause Thyroid Storm.
What is Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
This medication decreases hepatic glucose production and can leave a metallic taste in the patients mouth.
What is Metformin?
Replacing or adding something the body does not produce enough of on its own.
What is supplemental therapy?
Forms include aerosols, ointments, creams, pastes, powders, solutions, foams, gels, transdermal patches, inhalers, rectal and vaginal suppositories.
What is topical route?
In what phase of the nursing process is the nurse working when they check back on a client after giving glucagon following an episode of extreme hypoglycemia?
What is evaluation?
This centrally acting analgesic is both a weak mu‑opioid agonist and an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.
What is tramadol?
When combined with progesterone, this hormone can help reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in individuals with an intact uterus.
What is Estradiol (Estrogen)?
This insulin is meant for basal coverage for type 1 diabetes and can last up to 42 hours.
What is Degludec (Tresiba)?
The pharmacokinetic event impacted by slowed gastric emptying.
What is absorption?
What classification of medication can place a client with diabetes at risk for the development of UTI & genital yeast infections?
What is SGLT2 inhibitor?
Example: empagliflozin
“Street” drugs, alcohol use, and herbal products are considered part of this.
What is a client's medication profile?
A 58-year-old woman has been admitted for a total abdominal hysterectomy. That evening, she asks for pain medication. Upon assessment, you find that she rates her pain level as an 8 on a scale from 1 to 10 and states that her pain is located mainly in the imme-diate area around her incision. You prepare to give her an intravenous dose of morphine sulfate.
Thirty minutes after the morphine is given, the nurse documents these assessment findings. Which of these assessment findings require immediate follow-up? (Select all that apply; choose 2 options.)
a. Temperature 98.9° F
b. Pulse 88 beats/minute
c. BP 88/52 mm Hg
d. Respirations 8 breaths/minute
e. Skin flushed, dry
f. LOC drowsy, awakens to voice and stimulation
g. States her pain rating at level “4
c. BP 88/52 mm Hg
d. Respirations 8 breaths/minute
Vasopressin can be used to treat this condition characterized by excessive urination and inability to concentrate urine due to lack of ADH.
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
This class of medications, which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, rarely causes lactic acidosis, but the risk increases significantly in renal impairment or severe hypoxia.
What are biguanides (e.g., metformin)?