Chapter 22
Considered the Father of Biogeography.
Who is Wallace?
Equation for allele frequencies.
What is p + q = 1
What is temporal isolation?
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 100 g, this is the amount remaining after 20 years.
What is 25 g?
Describe Hutton's theory
What is uniformitarianism, changes in the earth occurred slowly and are continuing to happen today?
Even though they have different functions, a bat's wing, a human arm, and a whale flipper share similar bone structures. Type of evidence for evolution that represents this.
Equation for genotype frequencies.
What is p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
A river changes course and permanently divides a population of squirrels into two isolated groups. Over many generations, one group evolves darker fur to blend in with volcanic rock, while the other maintains lighter fur to blend with sandy soil. Type of speciation.
What is allopatric speciation?
An isotope has a half-life of 4 hours. If you begin with 80 g, this much remains after 12 hours.
What is 10 grams?
Cats with six toes are called Hemingway Cats and are named after Ernest Hemingway. He was gifted a cat with six toes many years ago, and today there are a disproportionate number of cats with six toes surrounding his residence. Name this phenomenon.
What is the Founder Effect?
Darwin observed that finches on the Galápagos Islands had different beak shapes depending on their food source, even though they were all closely related. Type of evidence this represents.
What is biogeography?
In a population of 500 cats, 180 have white fur (recessive trait, aa). This is how many cats are expected to be heterozygous (Aa)
What is 240 cats?
Two different plant species hybridize, and errors during cell division allow the hybrid to double its chromosomes. The result is a fertile polyploid hybrid species. Type of polyploidy this is.
What is allopolyploidy?
After 9 hours, 25 g of a radioactive isotope remain. The isotope’s half-life is 3 hours. This was the starting mass
What is 200 grams?
Explain what the Founder Effect and Bottleneck Effect lead to.
What is a reduction in genetic variation due to a sudden decrease in population size?
Describe Lamark's theory.
In a population of 2,000 frogs, 1,280 are green, 640 are brown, and 80 are blue. Green (GG) is dominant, brown (Gb) is heterozygous, and blue (bb) is recessive. These are the allele frequencies of G and b.
What is p=0.8 and q=0.2?
Two species of birds successfully produce offspring. After three generations, the birds failed to successfully build nests. Type of reproductive barrier this represents.
What is hybrid breakdown?
After 45 minutes, a sample of a radioactive isotope contains 12 g. The half-life of the isotope is 15 minutes. This amount was originally present
What is 96 grams?
Name the five conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
What is no mutations, no gene flow, random mating, large population size, and no natural selection?
Over decades of antibiotic use, many bacteria have developed resistance. Type of evidence for evolution this represents.
What is Case Studies?
In a population of 1,000 beetles, 160 are green. Blue exoskeletons are dominant to green. Expected frequency of A and number of beetles expected to be homozygous dominant.
What is A=0.6 and 360 beetles?
Two populations of birds are separated by a mountain range. After many generations, when the populations come into contact again, they no longer interbreed because their courtship dances have diverged.
This kind of barrier initially separated the populations
AND this kind of barrier now prevents mating
What is geographic isolation and behavioral isolation?
A fossilized bone is analyzed and found to contain 6.25% of its original carbon-14. Carbon-14’s half-life is 5,730 years. This is how old the bone is.
What is 22,920 years?
What is habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, hybrid viability, hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown?