Functional Anatomy
Identify 3 movements that occur in the 'up' phase of a push-up and what joints they happen at.
Elbow- Extension
Shoulder- Flexion
Wrist- Extension
What is displacement and give an example?
Is a measure of motion as the crow flies. It is found by measuring the length of a straight line joining a body's initial and final positions and noting the direction this line takes. Take the example of the marathon runner again - if she runs a circular course begins and finishes at the same location, as was the case in the 2006 Commonwealth Games) then her displacement after running the 42.2 km course would be zero (she finishes at the same point at which she started).
Name the five classifications of motor skils
Muscle involvement
Continuity
Pacing
Environmental impact
Complexity
During digestion, the carbohydrates breaks down into?
Glucose
What is arousal?
Arousal is the amount of readiness a person experiences when faced with a task
What are 3 characteristics of type 2 muscle fibres that will assist a sprinter?
Rapid Contraction
High Force Production
CP & Glycogen as main fuel source
Name and define the different types of trajectories.
High trajectory, parabola trajectory and flat trajectory. High trajectory: provides a longer flight time. May be used by the gymnast to maximise the time available in the air to complete a movement or by the tennis player using a defensive lob to gain time to re-establish their court position. Parabola trajectory: maximises the horizontal distance that a projectile will travel. May be used by the shot putter or discus thrower to achieve the greatest distance for each throw.45°45°Flat trajectory: provides the shortest flight time. May be used by a fielder in softball to throw to first base in the fastest time possible to beat a runner.
Name and explain the three phases of the Fitts and Posner model
Cognitive Stage- Visulising the whole skill and determining what must be done
Associative- Practice stage with an understanding of the task and having the basic fundamentals
Autonomous- A skill can be performed without conscious thought
At what duration does the aerobic energy system become dominant?
+ 2 minutes
What is concentration?
Concentration is the ability to focus on the task at hand/relevant cues while ignoring irrelevant cues
What are antagonist pairs? Give an example of one
Bicep & Tricep
Describe all the parts of linear motion (distance, speed, velocity, acceleration.)
The term distance refers to the path of a body as it moves from one location to another.
Speed is the rate at which a body moves from one location to another. Velocity is speed in each direction and is calculated by dividing displacement by the time taken. Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with respect to tome.
Explain what a cue is and name the three types.
A stimulus perception, signal/hint on how to respond in a particular circulstance.
Visual, Verbal, Proprioceptive.
Doing 6 reps of bicep curls at 90% of your 1 rep max would improve which component of fitness?
Muscluar strength
Selective: Focusing on certain cues while ignoring others
Shiftable: can moves from broad focus to narrow focus
Divisible: able to focus on more than one task simultaneously
Identify and describe the 4 characteristics of skeletal muscles
Excitability- the ability to respond to stimuli
Contractibility- the ability for muscle to shorten
Extendibilty- the capability for a muscle to shorten
Elasticity- the ability of a muscle to relax back to its natural state
Define the velocity of release.
Velocity of release goes into vertical velocity and horizontal velocity. Vertical velocity determines the height of the apex of the trajectory. Horizontal velocity is the horizontal component of the velocity oat release is constant throughout the flight of the projectile.
State the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback.
Intrinsic- Kinesthetically felt by the perfromer
Extrinsic- Cues from outside the body eg. coaches
What component of fitness is improved through pyometirics training?
Power
Is it better to have low or high arousal when putting in golf?
Lower
Name 2 structures of the circulatory system and describe their function
Heart- Pumping blood to all tissues in the body
Arteries- Distribute oxygen-rich blood to the body
Veins- Collect oxygen poor blood and return to the heart
Capililaries- Take waste products away from the tissues
Blood- Transport O2 and nutrients to the tissues
Describe the impacts of different angles of release.
At 45 degrees will result in the greatest possible distance and object will travel. Angles greater than 45 degrees will result in a longer flight time but shorter distance travelled. A lower angle than 45 degrees will result in a shorter travel time and shorter distance.
Tayla is being taught the skill of throwing a discus. At the completion of the throw her teacher says,
“Extend your legs and keep your body more upright as you release the discus.”
The teacher has provided Tayla with verbal cues to assist in improving her performance. Name the twoother types of cues that could be used by the teacher to improve Tayla’s performance and give one specific example for each.
Visual cues
Example (must relate to discus):The teacher could demonstrate or show Tayla how to throw the discuss modelling the correct technique.
Propriceptive cues
Example (must relate to discus): The teacher could adjust Tayla’s stance to allow her to feel the correct body position
Describe one of the training principle.
Specificity- Different forms of exercise produce different effects
Progressive overload- Body systems must be continually loaded with higher levels of work.
Reversibility- Training effects are reversible.
Intensity- How 'hard you work'
Duration- Length of the training session
Frequency- Number of training sessions per week
What are the four ways we can direct our attention following Nieffer Model? Give an example for each quadrant
External, Internal, Broad and Narrow