Psychoanalytic
Explain Freudian slips and accidental losing.
Saying the wrong thing due to unconscious desires and losing/forgetting something because of unconsciously not wanting to do it
What is the difference between Conditional positive regard and Unconditional positive regard? Give an example.
Conditional = conditions of worth, Unconditional = no matter what the individual does they are still loved and accepted
What are the characteristics of Trait approach theories? (Name 3 out of the 5)
Conscious, present, observable reality, rational, elementalism
Explain Sheldon’s Somatypes study.
Looked at the physical appearance and body type because they believed your body correlated and determined your personality (biophysical definition)
What are the 4 Ds of the psychoanalytic approach?
Determinism, Dynamic, Developmental, Defend the personal
What is the organismic valuing process?
Process of evaluating everything one encounters in terms of how well it maintains or enhances oneself.
What does it mean if a trait has temporal and cross-situational consistency?
It is consistent across time and across environments/situations
What is transference?
The transfer of feelings from the original source of conflict onto a suitable alternative target.
What is the inferiority complex/how does it occur?
Happens when you set too high of goals, and you can achieve them
What process did Maslow use to study self-actualizers? What were some problems with it?
Psychohistory (psychological analysis of historical figures) and he only looked at mainly white, famous, men and did not have a lot of other documentation of other people
What are the 3 traits Hans Eysenck focuses on? Explain each trait.
Introversion (sociability), Neuroticism (emotional stability), and Psychoticism (oddness and detached from others)
Explain Wegner’s Ironic processing theory.
It is testing the idea of suppression and refers to the psychological process whereby deliberate attempts to suppress certain thoughts make them more likely to surface.
Explain the process of the death instinct and the nirvana principle.
Pleasantly satisfied --> need arises --> unpleasant tension --> action taken --> repeat
Humans seek the ultimate reduction of tension and do things that put us closer to death.
Why are more people not self-actualized according to Maslow?
It is the least potent need, societal restrain, Jonah Complex
What does it mean when someone says they approached research in a bottom-up processing vs a top-down processing way?
Bottom-up means to start from no preconceived ideas then make what you find into a theory whereas top-down means to start from a theory then collect data
In what stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages do the Oedipal and Electra complexes occur?
Phallic stage
How did Horney and Adler explain the Oedipal and Electra complex?
The undermining of safety needs and both patterns of behavior are simply play behavior.
What are the 5 needs on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological, safety, belonging/love needs, esteem, and self-actualization
How did Allport explain common traits vs personal dispositions?
Allport believed every common trait is also a personal disposition, you’ll have common things with a shared trait, but you’ll express it in your own was (disposition)
How do we know the OCEAN research is true/consistent?
Through cross-cultural comparisons and animal analysis