Religion
The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.
What is Cultural competence?
Embedded in everyday policies, institutions, and social structures. Racism can operate without explicit racist intent.
How is the core principle of Critical Race Theory 'Racism is normal and systemic' defined?
One includes: System of classifying people based on skin colour. It is not biological but rather socially and politically constructed. It includes physical difference.
The other includes: Shared cultural traits such as race, national origin, language, ancestry, religion, and/or traditions. Cultural identity.
What is the difference between Race and Ethnicity?
Asks “What’s wrong with this population?”
Western norms are set as the standard. Indigenous outcomes are compared against them. Differences are labeled “gaps”. Those gaps are interpreted as failure. Interventions focus on fixing individuals rather than systems.
What is deficit-based framing of Indigenous populations?
Bicultural identity. Active participation in mainstream society while maintenance of language, traditions, cultural practices.
What is integration? (Berry's Framework)
Creating environments where people of all cultural backgrounds feel welcomed, respected, valued, and able to participate fully.
What is Cultural inclusivity?
Rather than focusing solely on individual bias, critical race theory analyses: Legal systems, policies, sport systems. It asks how institutions produce racial disparities even without explicit racist intent.
What is the Structural Focus of Critical Race Theory?
The best way to achieve racial equality is to ignore race and ethnicity altogether, treating everyone the same regardless of background
How is colourblind equality defined?
Focuses on the assets, capabilities, resilience, and knowledge within individuals and communities, rather than framing them primarily through problems or deficits. Acknowledges systemic barriers.
Emphasizes: Cultural knowledge, Community resilience, Social relationships, Existing skills and resources, Traditional understandings of sport and recreation
What is strengths-based framing of Indigenous populations in sport, health, or recreation?
Strong identification with host culture. Limited retention of original cultural practices. Can produce success but sometimes there is an identity strain
What is assimilation? (Berry's Framework)
Sport schedules and competitions are often organized around Christian religious calendars and holidays such as Christmas. Some sport rules and environments may conflict with religious practices such as dress codes, prayer times, or fasting. Religious beliefs about modesty or gender roles can affect participation in sports structured around Western norms.
How are sport systems built upon Western assumptions?
Critical race theory values experiences as important sources of knowledge. Storytelling is used to challenge dominant perspectives.
How is Lived Experience defined? (Core Principle of Critical Race Theory)
It reduces racial tension. It prevents preferential treatment. It focuses on individual merit rather than group identity. It suggests racism is individual.
What are pros of Colourblind equality?
"Indigenous populations suffer higher rates of obesity and diabetes than other Canadians"
"Indigenous athletes struggle to overcome barriers in elite sport"
What are examples of a deficit-based perspective?
Strong heritage retention and limited engagement with broader society. May arise from: Personal choice (e.g., might be focused on personal survival), discrimination, structural barriers.
What is Separation/Segregation? (Berry's Framework)
A student is removed from PE
vs.
A student is physically present but not meaningfully participating
What is Functional Exclusion vs Complete Exclusion?
It ignores historical and structural racism. It overlooks disparities in housing, education, income, policing, and healthcare. Treating unequal groups equally does not promote equity.
What are the Cons of colourblind equality?
Overlapping identities can increase oppression or compound barriers to access.
What is Intersectionality? (Core Principle of Critical Race Theory)
"Indigenous communities are revitalizing traditional games to inspire Indigenous youth participation in sport"
What are examples of a strengths-based perspective?
Weak identification with both cultures
What is Marginalization? (Berry's Framework)
The psychological experience of being labeled, excluded, or treated as inferior by a dominant group based on perceived differences
What does it mean to be "Othered"?
Society invented racial categories and assigned meaning to them. This continues to shape outcomes today.
How is the core principle 'Race is socially constructed' defined? (Critical Race Theory)
Advances for racial minorities occur primarily when they align with the interests of those in power.
What is Interest Convergence (Core Principle of Critical Race Theory)?
The superficial effort to create an appearance of inclusion by recruiting a small number of people from underrepresented groups, without making meaningful changes to address systemic inequality.
What is Tokenism?
Participating only in ethnic community sport leagues.
What is an example of Separation/Segregation?