Gluconeogenesis
There goes that hormone again, storing all that glucose into adipose tissue?
What is insulin?
These enzymes catalyze their reverse reactions very slowly and the concentrations of the products of these reactions never get high enough to overcome the large negative ΔG°' value.
Why are the reactions catalyzed by citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle essentially irreversible?
What is UDP-glucose?
The pitcher was throwing a ton of electrons to the catcher whose name I have seem to forgotten.
Who is O2?
These molecules primary function is to increase the solubility of other molecules so your body can excrete them.
What are cytochrome P450s?
This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate into oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis. Wow it does the same thing in the TCA cycle.
What is malate dehydrogenase?
What a complex? You are working both in the TCA cycle and ETC; you deserve a raise.
What is succinate dehydrogenase?
What is insulin?
When cells have a mixture of mutant and wild-type mitochondrial DNA.
What is heteroplasmy?
This molecule is the primary antioxidant within the cell.
What is glutathione?
I used this to convert oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate.
What is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase?
Hey α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, whatever became of those two high energy electrons that your lipoyl sulfhydryl groups transferred to FAD?
They were passed onto NAD+ to form NADH.
What a strange fuel and method for thermogenin (UCP1) use to generate heat.
What is to let protons leak back into the mitochondrial matrix?
Even though you weigh 6000 Da, you can still pass through these pores.
What are voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs)?
"Hey phagocyte, you are going to need this enzyme to produce H2O2."
What is superoxide dismutase?
Exactly, that was the cofactor I was looking for to convert oxaloacetate to either aspartate or malate.
Are you looking for NADH?
These enzymes of the TCA cycle directly convert NAD+ to NADH?
Who are isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase?
Looks like we have glycogen synthase a (active) and glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive). Makes sense considering this hormone is high in abundance.
What is insulin?
So that is how the NADH made in the cytoplasm got to the ETC.
What is via the glycerol 3-phosphate and malate-dehydrogenase shuttles?
Combine H2O2 + Fe2+ and you get OH radical + OH- + Fe3+
What is the Fenton reaction?
You are working out like a beast!!! Good thing you have lactate dehydrogenase and NAD+ activating this reaction making glucose while you were sweating so hard?
What is lactate to pyruvate?
thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoate, FAD, NAD+
What are four substrates used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
What is to sit down with a box of Tim Horton's donuts and a large double/double coffee?
The number of moles of glucose I used to create 320 moles of ATP via glycolysis, TCA, and oxidative phosphorylation. By the way, I used the malate-aspartate shuttle.
What is 10 moles of glucose?
"Oh the H2O2 was not enough to kill the invading bacteria, why don't you try making HClO with this enzyme."
What is myeloperoxidase?