Cell Structure
This structural feature in Archaea, but not Bacteria, explains their resistance to extreme heat.
What are ether‑linked isoprenoid lipids (often forming monolayers)?
He coined the term “cell” after observing cork under a microscope.
Who is Robert Hooke?
These bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites transmitted by arthropods.
What are Rickettsia?
This property, not magnification, determines how clearly two points can be distinguished.
What is resolution?
This metabolic category uses organic molecules as both carbon and energy sources.
What are chemoorganotrophs?
This evidence supports that Eukarya and Archaea share a more recent common ancestor than either does with Bacteria.
What is similarity in transcription/translation machinery (e.g., RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins)?
His work on puerperal fever demonstrated the importance of handwashing before germ theory existed.
Who is Ignaz Semmelweis?
These fermenters produce 2,3‑butanediol instead of mixed acids.
What are Enterobacter and Klebsiella?
According to the resolution formula RP=0.5×λNA, this change improves resolution.
What is decreasing wavelength or increasing numerical aperture?
This type of inhibition occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a site other than the active site.
What is allosteric inhibition?
This term describes a prokaryotic species based on genetic similarity rather than reproductive isolation.
What is ≥97% 16S rRNA sequence identity?
This scientist’s work on attenuation led to vaccines for anthrax and rabies.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
This genus lacks a cell wall and therefore is resistant to β‑lactam antibiotics
What is Mycoplasma?
This type of microscopy converts differences in refractive index into contrast without staining.
What is phase‑contrast microscopy?
In glycolysis, this enzyme splits fructose‑1,6‑bisphosphate into two 3‑carbon molecules.
What is aldolase?
This molecule, found in bacterial membranes but absent in Archaea, stabilizes fluidity similarly to cholesterol.
What are hopanoids?
He introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments, reducing postoperative infections
Who is Joseph Lister?
This bacterial predator enters the periplasm of Gram‑negative bacteria and consumes them from within.
What is Bdellovibrio?
This dye type binds to negatively charged cell structures because it carries a positive charge.
What is a basic dye (e.g., crystal violet, methylene blue)?
This coenzyme accepts electrons during glycolysis and becomes reduced.
What is NAD⁺?
This feature of SSU rRNA allows it to reveal both ancient and recent evolutionary relationships.
What are conserved regions alternating with variable regions?
He pioneered enrichment culture techniques and discovered nitrogen‑fixing bacteria.
Who is Martinus Beijerinck?
This soil genus forms branching filaments and produces most clinically useful antibiotics.
What is Streptomyces?
This differential stain identifies bacteria with mycolic acids in their cell walls.
What is the acid‑fast stain?
This principle explains why oxygen yields the most energy as a terminal electron acceptor.
What is its high position on the redox tower (strongest oxidizing agent)?