Nervous System
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is responsible for directing impulses and coordinating actions of the rest of the neuron.
What is the Cell Body OR Soma?
This part of the central nervous system is the oldest part of the brain; containing the medulla, pons, reticular formation, and a direct connection to the thalamus.
What is the Brain Stem OR Old Brain?
The Occipital Lobe is most well known for this sensory function.
What is Vision OR Sight.
Name 2 inhibitory neurotransmitters.
What are GABA AND/OR Glycine AND/OR Serotonin?
These structures in the Limbic System are responsible for the formation of memories. They function as paired structures, mirrored on either side of the brain, and are distinctively shaped like a seahorse.
What are/is the Hippocampus?
This part of the neuron is insulated by the myelin sheath and passes impulses to it's terminal branches.
What is the Axon?
This structure is part of the diencephalon and rests directly beneath the thalamus. It is responsible for maintaining homeostatic functions.
What is the Hypothalamus?
List 3 functions of the Frontal Lobe.
What are: Speech, Reading, Writing, Directing Motor Functions, Skill Learning, Constructive Planning, Personality Management, Behavioral Regulation? (>3)
Functioning as an antinociceptor (pain-killer), this neurotransmitter relieves pain, reduces stress and improves mood.
What are Endorphins?
This Limbic structure is the hub of the fight-or-flight response, while also playing a major role in the regulation of emotional responses.
What is the Amygdala.
These cells rest along the axon of a neuron, responsible for creating the myelin sheath.
What are Schwann Cells?
This organ in the brain is responsible for coordinating balance and movement.
What is the Cerebellum?
When damaged, this lobe can be responsible for conditions that disrupt reading, writing, calculations, and other forms of agnosia.
What is the Parietal Lobe?
This neurotransmitter is responsible for controlling the reaction to allergens. Too much can send someone into anaphylaxis.
What is Histamine?
This structure is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates your body's circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle).
What is the Pineal Gland?
These nerve cells serve many functions outside of their most well known role: providing additional insulation for neurons.
What are Glial Cells OR Neuroglia?
This structure connects multiple parts of the brain together, relaying information throughout the brain like the CTA trains move people across Chicago.
What is the Thalamus?
This lobe contains the amygdala and hippocampus, primarily functioning to regulate emotions, encode memories, and understand language.
What is the Temporal Lobe?
Also known as epinephrine, this neurotransmitter causes the main symptoms of your sympathetic nervous system's fight-or-flight response.
What is Adrenaline?
These hormones are produced in the ovaries and testes; responsible for pubescent development and sexual dimorphism (males and females of the same species looking significantly different from each other).
This type of neuron is responsible for communication between the sensory signals coming in and the motor signals travelling away from the Central Nervous System.
What are/is Interneuron(s)?
This part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland, and is also responsible for nociception and antinociception.
This type of neuroplasticity would be responsible for helping the Temporal Lobe take on new functions if the Parietal Lobe were substantially damaged and unable to perform them.
What is Vicariation?
Nicknamed "the love hormone", this chemical increases interpersonal bonding, lowers stress, and stimulates the reward axis. Overproduction can lead to addictive tendencies.
What is Oxytocin?
Responsible for producing thyroxine, this structure controls metabolism (how your body uses energy).
What is the Thyroid OR Thyroid Gland?
This subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest-and-digest" processes in the body, calming you down.
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
This brain stem structure is responsible for regulating sleep and directing sensory signals from 4 of the 5 senses, excluding olfaction (smell).
An example of this type of neuroplasticity is when damage to the primary motor cortex (M1) in the frontal lobe results in the loss of motor coordination in other parts of the body, like the cerebellum.
What is Diaschisis?
Cortisol controls the balanced release of Ghrelin and Leplin; chemicals that use opposite effects to perform this function.
What is (the sensation of) Hunger?
This pear-shaped organ is responsible for the regulation of digestive processes and blood sugar balance.
What is the Pancreas?