Lecture 1
list the 6 characteristics shared by all living things
maintain organized structure, homeostasis, metabolize, grow reproduce and die, respond to environment, evolutionary adaptation
what property do protons determine?
what is element identity (atomic number)
what is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond
what is ionic transfers electrons and covelant shares
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
what is oxygen is more EN than hydrogen, so electrons are pulled toward oxygen, creating a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens
what are the four major classes of biological macromolecules
carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid
What is the smallest organizational unit at which all six characteristics of life can be observed?
what is a cell
What makes an isotope different from the standard atom of the same element?
what is isotopes have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
what bond would oxygen and carbon make and what side would the electrons hang closer to
what is polar and what is oxygen
List the properties of water that result from hydrogen bonding
Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, and the fact that ice is less dense than liquid water
What type of reaction builds a polymer? What type of reaction breaks one down?
what is a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis
What accounts for the unity of life (the shared features across all organisms)?
what are the four most abundant elements in living organisms
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon (honc)
what type of bond holds water molecules together?
what is hydrogen
name one monosaccharide and one disaccharide
what are monosaccharide: glucose, fructose, or galactose. disaccharide: sucrose, lactose, or maltose
whats the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats
what is unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature (oils). Saturated fats are solid (butter, lard).
What explains the diversity of life?
what is natural selection
what is the pH of a neutral solution at 25 degrees C?
what is 7
what type of bond holds the atoms within a single water molecule together
what is covalent bonds hold the atoms within a single water molecule together
Why does water have a high specific heat, and why does that matter for life
Water's high specific heat means it resists temperature change. This helps organisms maintain stable internal temperatures
what are the four levels of protein structure? describe each
what is Primary: linear sequence of amino acids. Secondary: local folding into alpha helices and beta sheets (stabilized by H-bonds). Tertiary: overall 3D shape of one polypeptide. Quaternary: arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits.
list the three conditions required for natural selection to occur
what is an acid?
what is a substance that increases hydrogen ions and decreases pH
In a covalent bond, what does it mean if the bond is polar?
what is the electrons are shared unequally, creating partial positive and negative charges on opposite ends of the bond
Why does ice float
Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules in a crystalline lattice with more space between them
what are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA
Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G
Adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), guanine (G