Chapter 8
Disorder of the universe
What is entropy?
A positive ∆G indicates a ______ process
What is a non-spontaneous process?
The producers of the biosphere that produce organic molecules from CO2
What is an autotroph?
the type of energy process of photosynthesis
What is endergonic?
A non protein helper that binds to enzymes permanently, or reversibly with the substrate
What is a cofactor
A process/reaction that is typically mediated bye ATP to use an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
What is energycoupling?
The type of work a beating cilia or contracting muscle cells used to move
What is mechanical work?
The cells where chloropast are mainly found
What is mesophyll?
The range of visible light
What is 380nm to 750nm?
The type of energy that an enzyme lowers
What is activation energy?
A type of system that has a continuous flow of inputs and outputs
what is an open system?
Energy flows into an ecosystem as _______ and exits as ______
What is light and heat?
the conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy of sunlight by activation of Photosystem II
what is photophosphorylation?
Accessory pigments that absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
What are carotenoids?
The name of a molecule that receives the removed phosphate group when ATP is converted to ADP.
what is the phosphorylated intermediate?
The type of metabolic pathway that cellular respiration is categorized by
What is catabolic pathway
The type of metabolic pathway used to synthesis proteins from amino acids
What is anabolic pathways
The type of plants that form a 4-carbon compound to minimize the cost of photorespiration and contain both mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells
what is C4 plants
The molecules in a photosystem that energy is transfered through
what are pigment molecules/chlorophyll a
The enzyme used by C4 plants in mesophyll cells
What is pep carboxylase
The other title used to call the first law of thermodynamics
what is the principle of conservation of energy?
A process/reaction that increases the entropy of the universe
The flow of this molecule as it diffuses back into the stroma drives ATP synthesis
what is H+/ protons?
The pathway where electrons cycle back to photosystem 1 to produce more ATP but does not produce NADPH
what is cyclic electron flow?
In light reactions electrons are added into the pathway by a ______ molecule and exit the pathway through a ______ molecule
DOUBLE POINTS
what is H2O and NADPH