Show:
Miscellaneous
Language
Language Perception
Language Production
Knowledge Categorization
100
According to the Testing Effect Experiment, what is the best method to study for a test when taking the final test a week after the studying has been done?
Study - Test - Test - Test
100
What is the difference between a phoneme and a morpheme?
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that if changed changes the meaning of a word, but does not have meaning on its own. A morpheme is the smallest unit that contains meaning on its own.
100
"Fruit flies like a banana" is an example of what?
A Garden Path Sentence
100
What does our ability to understand words depend on?
Word Frequency and Context
100
Which approach compares stimuli to the standard category member?
The Exemplar Approach
200
What is the difference between superordinate and subordinate?
Subordinate- distinct categories Superordinate- general categories ex: superordinate: cat subordinate snow leopard
200
What is the difference between syntax and semantics?
Syntax is the study of structure of sentences or rules that determine the order of words and phrases -- "big red truck" versus "truck red big" -- "Is this phrase grammatical?" Semantics is the study of word meaning. -- "Is there meaning in the phrase?"
200
Which experiment replaced the first phoneme of a word with a sound, forcing the participant to interpret that word by the context of the sentence?
The Cough Experiment (Warren & Warren)
200
"Strange strenomenon" is an example of what kind of speech error?
Perseveration
200
What is the difference between a prototype and an exemplar member of a category?
A prototype is a combination of the average traits of members of the category (an "ideal" member); whereas, exemplar members exhibit typical traits of the category (a "standard" member).
300
What is the study of the production and perception of language sounds?
Phonology
300
How many morphemes does this phrase contain? "The vibrant green beans are delightful"
Nine The vibrant green bean-s are de-light-ful
300
Give an example of each type of inference (anaphoric, instrumental, & causal)
Anaphoric: connect object in one sentence to that of another. Instrumental: assumptions regarding tools or methods. Causal: one clearly causes the other, but it is not explicitly stated.
300
According to speech error, how is a phoneme exchange and spoonerism similar? How are they different?
Spoonerism is a type of phoneme exchange where the beginning phonemes of two words are swapped with each other. However, a spoonerism will still make sense whereas just a phoneme exchange will not. "Cirty Darpet" "Hissing a Mystery Lecture"
300
What are Rosch's three levels of categories?
Superordinate Basic Subordinate
400
What is coarticulation?
Combining phonemes "dija" versus "did you"
400
Speech segmentation is the take-away from which experiment and what were the results?
The Waiting Room Experiment (Pollack & Pickett) Participants could only identify about half of their own words when recordings of their speech were taken out of context. The longer the speech segments, the higher the likelihood of correct interpretation of the sounds.
400
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
The structure of a language influences the thought of its speakers
400
Why do "exchange errors" happen in our speech?
We anticipate what we are going to say next by thinking about future phonemes, morphemes and words
400
Which experiment looked at reaction times for different categorical levels?
Basic level experiment
500
What is the testing effect?
Testing, even without feedback, improves knowledge retention more than studying alone.
500
What are the five characteristics of human language (linguistic universals)? Bonus: Describe each one!
1. Semanticity: Language symbols convey meaning 2. Arbitratiness: No inherent condition between a symbol and its meaning 3. Flexibility in Naming: Meaning changes over time 4. Displacement: Can represent ideas not tied to the present time and place 5. Productivity: Create utterances that have never been used or comprehended before
500
What is the difference between expressive and receptive vocabulary?
Receptive is what we understand, and expressive is what we use. We have a larger receptive than expressive vocabulary.
500
Explain Syntactic Priming
When the production of a specific grammatical construction by one person increases the chances that the same construction will be used by the other person A sentence has an underlying syntactic structure The action is interchangeable to make the statement correct despite the way you word it but there are different structures to each. When the structure is set, that same structure is tended to be followed by the following people -The man gave his son the keys -The man gave the keys to his son
500
What were all of the manipulations in the Mashed Potato Experiment?
Food/ Neutral condition Width of container