Exam Review Pt.2

Capitalization

100

Proper nouns like "John" or "Paris" are capitalized, but these types of nouns, like "dog" or "city," are not.

Common nouns.

200

This word in the sentence "We drove south to visit family in the South" is capitalized in one instance but not in the other. Explain why.

South is capitalized when referring to a region and lowercase when indicating direction.

300

Why is "mom" capitalized in the sentence "I called Mom for help," but not in "I called my mom for help"?

"Mom" is capitalized when used as a proper noun (a name) but lowercase when paired with a possessive pronoun like "my."

400

Why do we capitalize words like "Marxism" and "Keynesian economics" but not "economic theory"?

Names derived from proper nouns, like "Marx" or "Keynes," are capitalized, but general terms are not.

500

In the title "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe", why are "the" and "and" not capitalized?

Articles and conjunctions of fewer than five letters are not capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title.

Direct and Indirect Speech

100

In direct speech, this type of punctuation is used to enclose the exact words of the speaker.

Quotation marks.

200

Transform this into indirect speech: She said, "I am reading a book."

She said that she was reading a book.

300

Explain why "He said me to wait" is incorrect and provide the correct version.

"Said" cannot take an object; the correct verb is "told" (e.g., "He told me to wait").

400

Transform this into indirect speech, considering pronoun and tense changes: Direct: "I want to see your report," the teacher said to us.

The teacher said that she wanted to see our report.

500

What are the rules of changing direct speech to indirect speech?

1. Change of Pronouns

2. Change of Verb Tense 

3. Time and Place Expressions

• Yesterday → The day before / Previous day
  Direct: "I saw her yesterday," he said.
  Indirect: He said that he had seen her the day before.
• Here → There
  Direct: "I live here," she said.
  Indirect: She said that she lived there.

4. "that"

Run-On Sentences

100

A run-on sentence occurs when two or more of these are improperly joined without correct punctuation or a conjunction.

Independent clauses.

200

Identify the run-on:
A) I went to the store, and I bought milk.
B) I went to the store I bought milk.

 B) I went to the store I bought milk.

300

True or False: Run-on sentences are always very long.

False. A run-on sentence can be short if it improperly joins independent clauses.

400

Explain why this is NOT a run-on:
"Although I was tired, I stayed up to finish my homework."

The sentence uses a subordinating conjunction ("Although") to create a complex sentence.

500

Fix this run-on sentence in two ways:
"We arrived late the train had already left."

1. We arrived late. The train had already left.
2. We arrived late, and the train had already left.