Data Types
Quantitative Data is..
Numeric form (statistics, graphs)
What are the 3 research designs?
Experimental, Qualitative, Quantitative Observational
Name some ethical considerations in research?
Debriefing, confidentiality, right to withdraw, voluntary participation
State one theory of emotion
Researchers are investigating the effect of sleep on memory retention. They divide participants into two groups: Group A, which sleeps for 8 hours, and Group B, which sleeps for 4 hours. Both groups are then given a list of words to memorize, and their recall is tested after 24 hours.
What is the IV and DV?
Qualitative Data is...
Written responses (interviews, written observations)
What is an experimental design in psychology?
An experimental design involves manipulating one or more independent variables to determine their effect on one or more dependent variables while controlling for confounding variables.
When trying to remember the 16 digits of his credit card number, Mark organises the numbers into four groups of four digits. Roger is using the technique called:
Chunking
Researchers are investigating the impact of background noise on attention span. Participants are randomly assigned to either a quiet room or a room with moderate background noise. They are then asked to complete a concentration task where they must focus on a series of visual stimuli.
What is the IV and DV?
An emotion is made up of...
Subjective feelings, physiological responses and expressive behaviours
Subjective Data is..
Subjective data comes from feelings, experiences, opinions, and thoughts. An example of subjective data is how someone is feeling.
What is a control group?
A control group is a group of participants that does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention, used as a baseline to compare with the experimental group.
Which type of long-term memory store is likely to be involved when a person recalls something that happened on their first day at primary school?
Episodic
When participants are asked to recall a list of words, which ones are most likely to be forgotten?
Middle
Emotions are universal
Yes
What are examples of Objective Quantitative Data?
Test results, Heart rate, Blood pressure
What design manipulates the IV in the study to see its effect on DV
Experimental design
A psychologist wants to measure the level of stress among high school students during final exams. She distributes a standardized stress questionnaire to 200 students and collects their responses to analyse patterns and correlations. What data type is this?
Quantitative
John, a 25-year-old college student, experiences frequent panic attacks and overwhelming feelings of anxiety, especially in social situations. He avoids parties and gatherings and has started skipping classes because of his fear of having a panic attack in public.
What could be explored in the social aspect?
Social Factors: John's anxiety might strain his relationships with friends and classmates. He feels increasingly isolated and unsupported, which further exacerbates his anxiety symptoms.
How does STM turn into LTM?
Rehearsal and Encoding
What are examples of Subjective Quantitative Data?
A sociologist is interested in understanding the experiences of immigrants in a new country. She conducts in-depth interviews with 20 immigrants, asking them to share their personal stories and challenges faced during their transition. What type of data is collected
Qualitative
Identify a specific region of the brain, and explain how abnormal function of this region can result in violent criminal behaviour.
One specific region of the brain often linked to violent criminal behavior is the Frontal Lobe (in particular prefrontal cortex.) It is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and regulating emotions. Abnormal function in this region can lead to poor judgment, lack of impulse control, and difficulty managing aggressive emotions, which can result in violent criminal behavior.
State one Biological and one Psychological Reason for Forgetting
Biological - Amnesia, stroke, alcoholism
Psychological- Suppression (deliberate and conscious effort to forget), Repression (unconsciously blocking memory)
What is the “Mandela Effect” with one example
Mandela effect refers to a situation in which a large mass of people believe an event occurred when it did not.
Curious George: The popular animated character Curious George is often falsely remembered to have a tail, when in fact he doesn't
A study investigates the effect of caffeine on reaction times in a sample of college students. Participants are randomly assigned to either a control group (no caffeine) or an experimental group (caffeine). Reaction times are measured using a computer task.
What data type would be collected?
Objective Quantitative
Researchers observe playground behaviour in children to study the impact of parental presence on social interactions. They record and count whether each child engages in cooperative play or solitary activities.
What type of study is this?
Quantitative Observation
What are the differences between Context and State-Dependent Cues
Context- learning material in the same space
State- Being in the same emotional state (happy- more likely to remember)
Trigger fight or flight
The parasympathetic job is to..
Calm the body (Rest and Digest system)