Word formation
Reporting verbs
Key Word Transformations
Changes in direct to reported speech
Negative prefixes
100

the noun from attract

attraction

100

Say something to someone = 

Tell someone 

100

''You'll fail if you don't study more,''said John.

unless

John said that  ____ _____ ______ _____ we would fail.

''You'll fail if you don't study more,''said John.

unless

John said that  unless we studied more we would fail.


John said that we would fail unless we studied more.

100

Here

There

100

appear

disappear

200

the noun from appear

appearance

200

Please, please, please get this right 

Beg

200

Our teacher gave us a red flag for speaking Spanish in class.

were

For speaking Spanish in class __________________ red flag.

For speaking Spanish in class we were given a red flag.

200

Facts or states in the present simple 

Present simple 

200

understand

misunderstand

300

noun from understand

understanding

300

If you don’t do the homework, you won’t pass the course

Threaten 

300

‘Do you mind if I open the window?’she asked.


whether


She asked us  _______________________ she opened the window.

She asked us  whether we minded if she opened the window.

300

Present perfect simple

Past perfect simple 

300

expected

unexpected

400

opposite of understsand

misunderstand

400

Don’t forget to hand in the essay

Remind

400

I don't think we ought to get such a lot of homework.

SHOULD

In my opinion, we___________________________ much homework.

I don't think we ought to get such a lot of homework.

SHOULD

In my opinion, we shouldn't get so much homework.

400

Will, can, must 

Would, could, had to

400

polite

impolite

500

adverbs from total, complete and principal. Spell them!

totally, completely and principally

500

agree that something is true, often unwillingly

admit

500

Some students take advantage of the breaks to do their homework because they are so  long.

THAT

The breaks are so ____  _____  _____ ____ _____  advantage of by some students to do their homework.

Some students take advantage of the breaks to do their homework because they are so  long.

THAT

The breaks are so long that they are taken advantage of by some students to do their homework.

500

negative imperative

not + to + infinitive

500

responsible

irresponsible