Definitions
"All lands": a landmass of all the continents together getting
Pangaea
Name three different rock families
Igneous rock, Sedimentary rock, and Metamorphic rock
What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture?
Homogenous: looks the same throughout
Heterogenous: seperate parts are visible
BONUS QUESTION: How long did this take Chyanne and Alyssa to make?
One hour and fifteen minutes...
I'm dead---------------------------------------- ///
List the layers of the Earth from the innermost layer to the outermost layer.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust
(crude oil) a complex mixture of liquid-solid and gashes substances
Petroleum
Which mineral has a yellow streak?
Gold
A coffee maker uses which seperation method when seperating a coffee bean and (whatever else you use to make coffee) mixture?
Coffee filter - filtration
Name the three rock families and provide an example of each.
Igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. Examples may vary and must be agreed upon unanimously by judge(s).
What is the epicentre of an earthquake?
The location on Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Layers of sediment into visible layers
Beds
List five ways that can be used to identify minerals
Cleavage, fracture, colour, lustre, hardness, streak, heft, odour, magnetism, surface
What is a petrochemical? Provide 4 examples of petrochemicals.
Petrochemical : product that is made from the original petroleum
Examples: gasses, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, furnace oils, diesel oil, lubricating oils, greases, waxes, tar, and asphalt
Identify and describe the types of tectonic plate movement.
Divergent: plates move away or seperate from each other
Convergent : plates move towards each other, or collide
Transform: Two plates slide past each other horizontally or side-by-side
List the geological time eras in chronological order.
Precambrian era, Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era
1) Remains or impressions of a dead organism
2) The theory that the crust is made up of plates that are consistently shifting tired
Fossils
Plate Tectonics
What is the differences and similarities between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
Both are igneous rocks and are formed from molten material.
Intrusive forms from cooling slowly magma beneath crust and extrusive forms from cooling lava quickly on crust.
Intrusive = large crystals, extrusive = small crystals
Explain whether each method seperates homogeneous, heterogeneous, or both mixtures:
Flotation
Magnetism
Distillation
Evaporation
Filtration
Hand Sorting
Paper chromatography
Answers in order:
heterogeneous, heterogeneous, both, both, heterogeneous, heterogeneous, and homogeneous
Provide 2 benefits and 2 disadvantages of a volcanic eruption.
Benefits: volcanic ash increases soil fertility, underground magma heats groundwater, and release importnat water + carbon dioxide into atmosphere.
Disadvantages: Volcanic ash causes breathing difficulties, destroys trees, homes, crops, and landscapes
Who was J. Tuzo Wilson and what did he discover? Who was Joseph Burr Tyrrell and what did he discover?
Wilson: Canadian scientist who contributed to our understanding of Earth's crust + was leading spokesperson for theory of continental drift. He discovered a third type of movement in Earth's crust: transform boundaries, which move side-by-side.
Tyrrell: Canadian scientist who discovered the world's richest collection of dinosaur fossils in the Red Deer River in Alberta, and proof that Alberta's climate was once much warmer.
When two plates collide, and one plate is shoved under the other
Subduction Zone
Determine the hardness of five of the following minerals:
Fluorite
Diamond
Talc
Calcite
Feldspar
Topaz
Quartz
Apatite
Gypsum
Corundum
Hardnesses in order:
Fluorite 4
Diamond 10
Talc 1
Calcite 3
Feldspar 6
Topaz 8
Quartz 7
Apatite 5
Gypsum 2
Corundum 9
Determine the best method to seperate each mixture:
Cooked pasta and boiling water
Kerosene and Wax
Sugar and sand
Wood chips and pebbles
Salt and water
Possible answers in order:
Filtration, Filtration/flotation, Evaporation, Hand Sorting, Simple Distillation
Explain simple distillation and fractional distillation.
Simple: water evaporates because of added heat, and becomes steam. Solute collects and is left behind at bottom of flask. Coolant water enters condenser. Steam/Water Vapour coold down, condenses, and becomes liquid water again. It pours out of condenser and collects at bottom of other flask, fully seperating the mixture.
Fractional: Occurs in fractionating tower, which is a two tower system. Heated in one tower then moves to next. Lower boiling points condense top of the tower, higher near the bottom.
Explain 3 environments where volcanoes are typically found.
Convergent boundaries: plates collide & one part of the crust is pushed downwards and reaches areas where there is very hot magma + melts. Magma is forced upwards
Divergent boundaries: magma flows to the surface, in which a volcano can erupt.
Thin Plates: magma is forced through the cracks to the surface. Occurs at hot spots where temps. under crust are much higher than elsewhere.