Chapter 35 (Plant Structure, Growth, Development)
What is in monocots the primary root is replaced by the fibrous working system, and in dicots it is replaced with the taproot system?
Denitrification converts
What is NO3- to N2?
What is osmosis?
Components of a lichen
What is a fungi and a cyanobacteria or unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote?
If water potentials are in equilibrium, why does water still flow?
What is there is no net water movement, but water will still flow at an equal rate?
What is a living ground tissue that provides flexible support to a plant?
The atmosphere is 79% nitrogen gas. However, nitrogen is still a "limiting" mineral for plants and this is why.
What is plants are only able to use two forms of nitrogen, and N2 (nitrogen gas) is not one of them?
Water flows from areas of _____ water potential to areas of _____ water potential
What is high to low?
Fusion of opposite mating type hyphae cytoplasm
What is plasmogamy?
A cell has a Ψ of -0.15 and a ΨS of -0.45. This is the ΨP.
What is +0.3
These are the four specialized tissues the shoot gives rise to.
What are stems, buds, leaves, and flowers?
Name 4 out of the 10 macronutrients. (Double points if you can name all 10)
What is Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium?
Guard cells function to open/close the stomata. Describe how they close the stomata.
What is guard cells shrink due to losing water via osmosis following a loss of K+ ions.
Type of symbiotic relationship mycorrhizae are and why it is this relationship.
What is mutualistic because plants provide excess sugars and amino acids to the fungi and the fungi provide soluble nutrients to the plant cells in return?
Guard cells function to close/open the stomata. Describe how they open the stomata.
What is guard cells swell because they acquire water after an accumulation of K+ ions.
From the outside of the bark to the vascular cambium, this is the correct sequence of tissues in a tree that has undergone secondary growth.
What is periderm, cortex, primary phloem, secondary phloem?
This is why macronutrients are considered "macro" and the effect this has on plants.
The two places where water will flow. (See PowerPoint)
What is from mature leaf to apical bud, from mature leaf to the root.
Members of this division of fungi have gills where 4 reproductive structures form.
What is basidiomycetes?
Describe the steps of transpiration.
What is water evaporates through stomata, water leaving stomata pulls up water from xylem, and then those water molecules pull up the "chain" of water molecules made possible by cohesion-tension?
From the topside of the leaf to the bottom, list the tissues that make up a leaf.
What is stomata with guard cells, mesophyll made up of palisade then spongy cells, and then stomata with guard cells?
This is the effect on plant cells if a plant has insufficient Phosphorous and why.
What is because the cell wall is made of a phospholipid bilayer, insufficient phosphorous could begin to degrade the cell wall?
Describe both components of the cohesion-tension theory.
What is cohesion- water sticks together by hydrogen bonds?
and
What is tension- water is pulled up like a chain because water molecules bind together?
The division of fungi and process allows for the production of the antibiotic penicillin.
What is ascomycetes via secondary metabolites?
A plant is experiencing inability to produce ATP via the electron transport chain. These are the nutrients that the plant could be lacking.
What are iron and sulfur?