Hematology
What kind of fluid is given with a blood transfusion?
Normal saline 0.9%
A patient has a WBC count of 12,000 uL this lab value could indicate?
Infection
The patient has a blood sugar of 55mg/dL and they are alert enough to swallow. How should the blood sugar be treated?
15-20g of simple carb: 4-6 oz of juice, 4-6 oz of regular soda, 1 tbsp of syrup or honey, 4 tsp of jelly, 5-8 lifesavers, and commercial tabs or gels
The nurse is teaching a patient how to use an incentive spirometer. Which actions by the patient demonstrates that the patient understood your education about how to use the device?
Use spirometer 5-10 times every 1-2hrs if possible. Exhale normally first then put lips around mouth piece. Inhale slowly and deeply. Do not breathe in through the nose.
A patient is taking a medication for TB and is experiencing of orange sclera and orange urine. This is side effects of what medication?
Rifampin
The patient is showing signs of flank pain, jaundice, and hematuria. What kind of reaction is this patient experiencing from the blood transfusion?
Hemolytic reaction
What could a low platelet count indicate in a patient?
Increased risk for bleeding
Which type of diabetes is controlled primarily through diet, exercise, and oral anti-diabetic agents?
Type 2 diabetes
A nurse comes in and finds the patient in tripod position. Upon assessment the patient has a barrel chest, wheezes, chest tightness, and decreased breath sounds. What condition is the patient experiencing?
COPD
A patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack. What would be a could first-line drug to decrease symptoms of exacerbation?
Short Acting Bronchodilators (SABAs)= albuterol
What kind of anemia is caused by the absence of the intrinsic factor?
Pernicious anemia
A female patient has a hemoglobin of 9 mg/dL. Which anemia is this value directly related to?
Iron-deficieny anemia.
Low hemoglobin indicates there is not enough oxygen on RBC
A patient comes into the ER experiencing signs of DKA. The nurse collected vital signs and put patient on 3L nasal cannula. What is the nurse's next priority action?
IV fluids typically given are 0.9% NaCl or 0.45% NaCl (1L/hr till BP stabilized)
The patient has a positive PPD test. However, does not display any signs or symptoms. Which types of TB is the patient experiencing?
Latent TB Infection
The patient is taking a heart failure drug. They are experiencing green vision, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia .What is the patient possibly experiencing in correlation to the medication they are taking?
Digoxin toxicity
A female patient presents the following lab values: WBC- 3,000/uL, RBC- 4.2 x 106/u/l, Platelets- 50,000/u/l, Hgb- 9 g/dl. The nurse understand these labs are being caused by....
Pancytopenia
This is caused by bone marrow suppression which is seen in patients with aplastic anemia.
What lab value can the nurse anticipate to be elevated in a patient experiencing dehydration?
High RBC
The patient's blood sugar is 50 mg/dL at 3am and 180 mg/dL. What could the patient do prior to bedtime to prevent the drop of blood sugar?
Eat a small snack of fat or protein
Somogyi effect
A patient arrived at the hospital with a broken femur. On the third day, the patient started experiencing signs of chest pain, crackles, green colored sputum, cough, and bronchial breath sounds in base of lungs. What has condition has the patient developed?
Hospital acquired pneumonia
A patient using an inhaler correctly displays how to use it when they shake it well, sit upright, deep breath and exhale, inhales holding for 10 seconds, and breathes out slowly. Which type of inhaler is the patient using?
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs)
A patient with iron deficiency anemia is receiving an iron injection. What should the nurse do after drawing up iron BUT before administering to patient?
Change needle to avoid staining of patients skin
A patient comes in and finds HgA1C is 6.5%. What does this level indicate?
This value is in normal range. They have been managing their glucose well over the past 3 months
The patient is experiencing weight loss, frequent urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger. The nurse expects the patient is experiencing which disorder?
Type 1 diabetes
3 P's: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What changes can you see in an x-ray on a patient with asthma that will be different compared to if the patient is stable or having an attack?
Hyperinflation during attack
Normal when patient is stable
What are 5 key teaching points to a patient taking Nitroglycerin?
1. Give 3 tablets 5 mins apart and if pain still has not changed go to the ER.
2. Keep in the bottle it came in.
3. Store in cool and dark place.
4. If medication is not tingling under the tongue the drug is not working.
5. Do not crush, chew, or swallow.