Skeletal Tissue
What is the main mineral salt found in bone?
Calcium oxalate
What are the four components of the skeleton?
Bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments
What layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
What runs through the vertebral foramen of vertebrae?
Spinal cord
Who is at greatest risk of osteoporosis due to hormonal changes?
Post-menopausal women
What feature separates epiphyses from the diaphysis?
Epiphyseal lines
What are an infant's skull bones connected by instead of sutures?
Fontanelles
What kind of acid needed for DNA synthesis does UV destroy?
Folic acid
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular
What are sebaceous glands stimulated by?
Hormones, especially androgens
What type of bone marking may be due to increased stress from a muscle or a joint modification?
Projections
Which girdle has a high degree of mobility?
Pectoral girdle
Which layer of the epidermis consists of a thin, translucent band of 2-3 layers of flat, dead keratinocytes?
Stratum lucidum
Which pairs of ribs lack a sternal attachment?
Ribs 11-12
What type of skin cancer involves keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What happens in the calcification zone of the epiphyseal plates?
Cells die and calcify
How many tarsal bones are in each foot?
Seven
Which layer of the epidermis has dendritic cells and melanosomes abundantly scattered throughout?
Stratum spinosum
What specific type of alopecia is defined by hair loss on the entire portion of a single body part?
Alopecia totalis
What do osteoclasts secrete to break down the matrix during resorption?
Enzymes and protons
What is osteoporosis defined as?
Bone resorption exceeds bone deposition (bone is reabsorbed faster than it is replaced)
What five craniofacial bones create the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxilla (x2)
What is the anatomical meaning behind the name of the reticular layer?
It has a network/reticulum of collagen fibers
What are the three major features of the scapulae?
Spine, acromion, and coracoid process
What kind of bone cell is defined as mitotically active stem cells in the periosteum and endosteum?
Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells