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Classical Conditioning
Memory
Constructivism
Behavioral Theory
Brown Bag
100
In classical conditioning, the object or event that automatically elicits a behavior before the conditioning takes place is referred to as the
What is unconditioned stimulus
100
The name for the component of memory that holds current thoughts
What is working memory?
100
Which of the following applies to discovery learning? A) Teachers encourage students to experiment and discover. B) No teacher input is permitted during a discovery lesson. C) Knowledge is a product, not a process. D) Math and reading are the most suitable subjects for this approach.
What is A) Teachers encourage students to experiment and discover.
100
Which of the following definitions best fits a behaviorist's conception of learning? A) Learning is a change in an individual caused by experience. B) Learning is synonymous with cognition. C) Learning is synonymous with development. D) Learning is a change in an individual's knowledge structures.
What is A) Learning is a change in an individual caused by experience.
100
One important principle of creative problem solving is to A) avoid rushing to a solution. B) quickly find a solution. C) realize that the solution may be impossible. D) seek the expertise of those who have greater knowledge of the problem
What is A) avoid rushing to a solution.
200
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, which of the following identifies the role of the bell (or tone), prior to conditioning?
What is neutral stimulus
200
The process of maintaining a thought in working memory is called
What is rehearsal?
200
Which of the following teacher roles best captures the philosophy of the constructivist approach? A) guide on the side B) sage on the stage C) drill instructor D) knowledge imparter
What is A) guide on the side
200
Which of the following examples demonstrates Thorndike's Law of Effect? A) A child learns how to ride a bicycle once larger pedals are added. B) After spending 10 minutes in a biology classroom, students no longer smell any chemical odor. C) A student becomes excited and angry after someone shouts out the correct answer to a puzzle. D) Students frequently stay after school because the teacher rewards them with treats.
What is D
200
In the constructivist writing process model and mathematics instruction approach, students work A) with tutors who scaffold them. B) individually on assigned lessons. C) in small groups or teams working together. D) with detailed outlines of expectations
What is C) in small groups or teams working together
300
What type of reinforcer is a gold star that a student receives as a reward for completing her homework?
What is extrinsic
300
Which of the following terms describes the capacity of working memory? A) network B) long-term C) random D) limited
What is D. limited
300
A student knows how to break complex problems into simpler steps, how and when to skim, and how and when to read for deep understanding. What key concept of constructivist theories of learning defines this student? A) reflective thinker B) impulsive thinker C) dependent learner D) self-regulated learner
What is D) self-regulated learner
300
Whenever students turn in their homework, a teacher rewards them with computer time. The more often they turn in their homework, the more they are allowed to use the computers. Students have been turning in their homework with increasing frequency. Thus, the computer time is serving as a(n)
What is reinforcer
300
While discovery learning promotes the advantage of arousing student curiosity and motivation, pure discovery learning is less common than A) guided discovery learning where the teacher gives clues and structures portions of an activity. B) regulated discovery learning where the teacher requires students to follow strict rules. C) approximate discovery learning where students theorize approximate details. D) self-discovery learning where students use their own schemata and perceptions.
What is A) guided discovery learning where the teacher gives clues and structures portions of an activity.
400
A reinforcer that allows a student to escape from an unpleasant situation is called a(n)
What is negative reinforcer.
400
Two words are used to define one type of memory: short-term and working. "Short term" refers to duration while "working" refers to A) location. B) function. C) importance. D) capacity.
What is B) function
400
The essence of constructivist theory is the idea that learners A) individually discover and transform complex information. B) should be placed in ability groups. C) are passive and teachers are active. D) participate in bottom-up instruction
What is A) individually discover and transform complex information.
400
Behavioral learning theorists tell us that A) unpleasant consequences strengthen a behavior. B) pleasurable consequences reduce the frequency of behavior. C) consequences have little impact on behavior. D) behavior changes according to its immediate consequences.
What is D) behavior changes according to its immediate consequences.
400
In assisted (or mediated) learning, who is the primary cultural agent guiding instruction? A) the teacher B) an outside resource person (e.g., librarian) C) an author D) a student
What is A) the teacher
500
What type of reinforcer is being encountered when students enjoy taking a field trip (which is the reward itself)?
What is intrinsic
500
A teacher tries to help a student recall an event that took place during a field trip to the natural history museum by saying, "Remember, it was the time when you went off to see the skeletons." Which memory component was most directly involved?
What is episodic memory?
500
Constructivist approaches to teaching typically make extensive use of cooperative learning. Why is this? A) It is easy for teachers to assign drill and practice activities. B) It allows teachers time to work on non-instructional duties. C) Students understand concepts better if they can talk with each other. D) There is less need to challenge students' misconceptions.
What is C) Students understand concepts better if they can talk with each other.
500
Which of the following examples demonstrates Thorndike's Law of Effect? A) A child learns how to ride a bicycle once larger pedals are added. B) After spending 10 minutes in a biology classroom, students no longer smell any chemical odor. C) A student becomes excited and angry after someone shouts out the correct answer to a puzzle. D) Students frequently stay after school because the teacher rewards them with treats.
What is D) Students frequently stay after school because the teacher rewards them with treats
500
Which of the following learning strategies would a constructivist be LEAST likely to advocate? A) discovery B) drill and practice C) cooperative learning D) inquiry
What is B) drill and practice