Theories/Laws
The pyramid that outlines physiological safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
What is Maslow’s Theory of Needs
Ability of an incentive to motivate depends on prior experience
What is Contrast Effects
Hypothetical amount of available activity for obtaining reinforcers.
Reflex Reserve
Need to achieve success
What is Achievement
Opportunities for saving time & effort.
What is Behavioral Economizing
As objective incentive value increases, utility increases but in smaller & smaller amounts.
What is Fechner’s Law
Downward shift in value that is correlated with decreased motivation.
What is Negative Contrast effects
Higher carbs allows more physical energy, goal more likely to be achieved.
Motivational energy from carbohydrates
Cause your own actions
What is Autonomy
Processing resources - mental operations, memory retrieval, problem solving, learning, decision making
What is Brain Economizing
Adding extrinsic motivation to an intrinsically motivated behavior decreases intrinsic interest because the perceived reason for performing the behavior has changed. However, it does increase performance.
What is Cognitive Evaluation Theory
Upward shift in value that is correlated with increased motivation.
What is Positive Contrast Effects
Responding in times of mental or physical fatigue; makes success more likely.
Learned Industriousness
External stimulation cause for all behavior; unaware of original stimulus that triggered behavior
What is Reflexology
Judgments based on how quickly they come to mind.
What is Availability Heuristic
Psychological drive emerges from physiological need.
What is Hull’s Drive Theory
Increases the value and demand for the deprived substance.
What is Deprivation
Effort uses up energy (Glycogen & Glucose), requires more exertion.
Energy consumption and perceived exertion
Desire to understand one’s world and experiences through thinking
What is Cognition
Based on resemblance of object or event to typical member of category.
What is Representative heuristic
A high probability response can reinforce a low probability response, but a low probability response cannot reinforce a high probability response.
Probability - Differential Hypothesis
Subjective feelings that accompany incentive contrasts. Positive contrast are pleasant, negative contrast are unpleasant.
What is Law of Hedonic Contrast
Effort depletes motivation. Give up when effort exceeds resources. Thus, less effort to achieve a goal means more goals can be accomplished; but more difficult goals may be abandoned.
Motivation resources and principle of least effort
Intimacy/belonging
What is Relatedness
Following rules to make decisions easier; want to plan, problem solve & make decisions with least amount of effort.
What is Cognitive Economizing