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Transfer of genetic material
Regulation of gene expression
Replication
DNA
Miscellaneous
100
Significance of oriT (origin of transfer) in bacteria?
Site where F’ is nicked to start rolling circle replication
100
What is a lysogen?
Bacteria that holds a prophage
100
What is a promoter?
Site where polymerase attaches to DNA strand to start synthesis
100
What is the function of chaperone proteins?
Aid in protein folding
100
3 bases that code for a single amino acid are called?
Codon
200
Define catabolic repression
Mechanism for ensuring that the cell will preferentially use the best carbon and energy source
200
What does a selectable marker do?
Gives the bacteria with plasmids a selective advantage in specific media
200
DNA polymerase I extends in 3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’ directions. T/F
TRUE
200
What kind of mutation causes a change from pyrimidine to purine?
Transverse
200
Bacterial cells don’t have telomere while eukaryotic cells do. T/F
True
300
Name three ways of genetic transfer:
-Conjugation: F’ fertility factor -Transduction/Transfection: virus vector -Transformation: direct uptake of naked DNA by cell
300
What is curing?
When plasmids are eliminated from a cell
300
Topoisomerase II enzymes make: a) 1 negative coil b) 1 positive coil c) 2 positive coils d) 2 negative coils
d) 2 negative coils
300
Name 2 kinds of mutations:
-nonsense mutation -missense -frameshift -silent
300
Directions of leading and lagging strands?
3’ to 5’ Lagging strand 5’ to 3’ Leading strand
400
Heritable changes in the genome of bacteria can be caused by: (name 1)
-genetic transfer -recombination -plasmids -transposons
400
F+ cells produce pili that 'mate' with other cells with F+ receptors. T/F
FALSE; F+ transfer material to F- cells
400
In which direction does terA inhibit the growth of the replication fork?
The fork moving in the counterclockwise direction is inhibited by terA
400
Make the sense primer of 5’ AAATGCGCTA 3’
Sense: 5’ AAAUGCGCUA 3’ Antisense: 5' UAGCGCAUUU 3'
400
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases. T/F
False; prokaryotes only have 1
500
Name 2 ways that can help transformation
-Electrocompetence: strip cations and run electric current which results in holes in the cell membrance allowing DNA to leak in -Calcium competence: destabilize cell membrane by flooding outer membrane with calcium and inducing heat shock, causing DNA to leak in
500
What is horizontal transfer?
The transmission of genetic information from one independent organism to another
500
Bacterial chromosome replication is: a) bidirectional b) unidirectional c) linear d) absent
a) bidirectional
500
Name some ways eukaryotic mRNA is processed after transcription
- 5’ capping - 3’ polyadenylation (pol A tail) - splicing - Covalent modification of the ends of the transcript
500
Functions of the Ori regions?
-Host range: narrow and braod -Regulation of copy number -Incompatibility -Plasmid replication and control mechanism