A
A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three __________ molecules.
a) carbohydrate
b) fatty acid
c) amino acid
d) enzyme
b) fatty acid
If an athlete has depleted his or her creatine reserves, what is the possible implication?
a) The athlete’s glycolytic capacity will decrease.
b) The athlete’s aerobic capacity will increase.
c) The athlete’s aerobic capacity will decrease.
d) The athlete’s ATP-PC capacity will decrease.
d) The athlete’s ATP-PC capacity will decrease.
This enzyme breaks down triglycerides to form glycerol and fatty acids.
a) phosphorylase
b) phosphofructokinase (PFK)
c) lipase
d) citrate synthase
c) lipase
Each hydrogen ion carried by NADH results in how many ATP produced in the ETC?
a) 2.5
b) 1
c) 1.5
d) 2
a) 2.5
What is the end-product of the Krebs cycle? Explain.
"1-3-1"
1 GTP
3 NADH
1FADH
The storage form of carbohydrates is:
a) cellulose
b) maltose
c) glycogen
d) sucrose
c) glycogen
What is unique about essential amino acids?
a) They make up half of the amino acids.
b) They have an amino group.
c) They have an acid group.
d) They are not made by the body.
d) They are not made by the body.
When duration of steady-state activity increases after about 3 minutes:
a) There is greater dependence on the Beta oxidation
b) There is a greater dependence on glycolysis.
c) There is a less dependence on the electron transport chain.
d) There is greater dependence on the anaerobic system.
a) There is greater dependence on the Beta oxidation
During the glyscolysis, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to ADP to phosphorylate fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate is
a) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
b) ATP synthase
c) Phosphofructoglycase
d) Hexokinase
c) Phosphofructoglycase
How much ATP makes up 1 GTP?
1 GTP=1 ATP
The process whereby glucose is converted to a storage form is called:
a) glycaemia
b) glycogenolysis
c) glycogenesis
d) glucolysis
c) glycogenesis
Which of the following is likely to be depleted during a marathon?
a) Body protein stores
b) Pyruvate stores
c) Body fat stores
d) Glycogen stores
d) Glycogen stores
What impact can exercise have on enzyme action?
a) Increased temperature will tend to decrease enzyme activity.
b) Increased glucose will tend to increase enzyme activity.
c) Increased physical activity will tend to decrease enzyme activity.
d) Decreased pH will tend to decrease enzyme activity.
d) Decreased pH will tend to decrease enzyme activity.
Define: A process during which fatty acids are broken into two-carbon molecules that then are transformed into acetyl-CoA.
Beta oxidation
How much ATP makes up 1 NADH?
1 NADH=2.5 ATP
Complete the right side of the following equation: ATP+H2O =>
a) ADP + energy + creatine
b) AMP + energy + Pi
c) ADP + Pi + energy + H+
d) O2 + Pi + H+
c) ADP + Pi + energy + H+
Which of the following is not correct information for phosphocreatine (PCr).
a) PCr supplementation will improve muscular strength.
b) PCr supplementation will induce muscle hypertrophy.
c) PCr supplementation would improve endurance exercise capacity
d) Endurance training will improve creatine resynthesize during the rest.
b) PCr supplementation will induce muscle hypertrophy.
Choose the answer that is not correct: Pyruvate can be converted:
a) to lactate during intense exercise.
b) to acetyl-CoA, to enter the Krebs cycle.
c) to triglyceride in the electron transport chain.
d) from glucose during glycolysis.
c) to triglyceride in the electron transport chain.
Define: A series of chemical reactions that takes place inside the mitochondria involving cytochromes that result in ATP and water being produced.
Electron transport chain
How much ATP makes up 1 FADH?
1 FADH=1.5 ATP
Choose the answer that is not correct: Anaerobic metabolism:
a) is used predominantly for short-duration, high-intensity activity.
b) does not require oxygen
c) produces energy
d) is the energy generator used when glycolysis is not possible.
d) is the energy generator used when glycolysis is not possible.
Chemical energy is released from:
a) friction between molecules.
b) broken bonds in fat, carbohydrate, and protein.
c) only bonds in carbohydrate.
d) electrical impulses in the body.
b) broken bonds in fat, carbohydrate, and protein.
How many net ATP are produced from glycolysis alone?
a) 4
b) 33
c) 2
d) 32
c) 2
Define: A series of chemical reactions taking place inside the mitochondria involved in metabolism of acetyl-CoA resulting resulting in production..
Krebs cycle
What is the end-product for 1 pyruvate?
1 pyruvate Breakdown:
4 NADH--> 10 ATP
1 GTP--> 1 ATP
1 FADH--> 1.5 ATP
(10+1+1.5)=12.5 ATP for 1 PYRUVATE