Principles of Training
What does the FITT principle stand for?
Frequency Intensity Time Type
Which system delivers oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
Cardiovascular system
What type of exercise helps lower blood pressure over time?
Aerobic exercise (e.g., walking, jogging, swimming)
Name the three parts of a lever.
Fulcrum, effort, and resistance (load)
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory, motor, and interneurons
Which training principle means gradually increasing how hard you work over time?
Progression
Which system controls and coordinates body functions using hormones?
Endocrine system
What is energy expenditure?
The total amount of energy used by the body to perform physical functions and activity
Curling a dumbbell uses what class of lever?
Third-class lever
Which type of neuron carries signals from the brain to muscles?
Motor neuron
Which principle states that training should be specific to the goal or activity?
Specificity
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients
What does VO₂ max measure?
The maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during exercise
Which type of muscle fiber has high endurance and uses oxygen efficiently?
Slow-twitch (Type I) fibers
What is the difference between fine and gross motor skills?
Fine motor skills are smaller movements and specific, while gross motor skills are broad and use large muscle movements
What is the difference between physical activity and exercise?
Physical activity is any body movement that uses energy; exercise is planned, structured, and purposeful.
Define homeostasis.
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes
How does regular aerobic exercise improve the efficiency of your heart?
It strengthens the heart muscle so it pumps more blood with each beat (increased stroke volume)
Type II muscle fibers are primarily used for what kind of exercise? Name one example
Any anaerobic exercise, sprinting, weight lifting, squat
Give one example of an open motor skill.
Examples: catching a ball, returning a tennis serve, driving, playing soccer, driving a car
Design a simple FITT plan for improving muscular strength.
Example: F – 3 days/week, I – moderate to high intensity, T – 45 minutes, T – resistance training.
Give an example of a negative feedback loop in the body.
Body temperature regulation: sweating when hot, shivering when cold.
How does plaque buildup in arteries affect the cardiovascular system?
It narrows arteries, reduces blood flow, and increases risk of heart disease.
Which class of lever is most commonly found in the human body and why?
Third class because they are best for speed and quick reflexes
Explain how the nervous system and muscular system work together during a motor skill.
The nervous system sends signals via motor neurons to muscles, which contract to create movement.