Diagnostics
Aspiration of what 3 sites would be useful to diagnose a common condition in ferrets?
What is lymph node, bone marrow, and spleen?
Diagnose lymphoma!
What kind of mammary neoplasia are mice most likely to get?
What is adenocarcinoma?
Malignant!
This is a common drug used to treat coccidiosis
What is toltrazuril?
Birds can take this percentage volume of BW in their crop at a time.
What is 1%?
This is the most essential piece of equipment when monitoring an intubated rabbit.
What is a capnograph?
How would you diagnose Hypovitaminosis C on PM?
Hemorrhage at the joints and costochondral junctions
Connective tissue disorder, affects guinea pigs
Air sacculitis is associated with enlargement of this organ.
What is the spleen?
Name 2 conditions (in any species) that a Suprelorin implant would be an appropriate treatment for.
Cystic ovarian Disease in Guinea Pigs
Excessive egg laying in birds
Egg Yolk Peritonitis in chickens
Adrenal Gland Disease and Hyperestrogenism in Ferrets
How much fluid should a hospitalized reptile receive daily, as a percentage of body weight?
What is 4%
Can be through multiple different routes.
This condition causes green feces in birds.
Heavy metal toxicity, Chlamydophila
Generally: liver damage
In what disease of lizards would PCR on an oral/cloacal swab be useful?
What is adenovirus?
Affects young lizards, progressive neurological dz, no treatment
Encephalitozoon cuniculi affects what 3 organs most commonly?
Kidney, CNS, and eye
Also may affect liver, lung and heart
What is the most important factor when considering medical vs surgical management of otitis media in rabbits?
What is bone involvement?
This is the standard sedation protocol for rabbits.
What is midazolam + buprenorphine (SC or IM)?
This combo is commonly used for pre-med in all other small mammals.
What tooth overgrowth is responsible for tongue entrapment in guinea pigs?
What is medial overgrowth of the first premolar?
You would use this test to diagnose Psittacine Beak & Feather Disease.
PCR on feather pulp OR blood
What is the agent primarily responsible for CRD in rats?
Mycoplasma pulmonis
You would use oxytet to treat Lawsonia intracellularis in hamsters, but you would use THIS drug to treat the same bacteria in ferrets.
What is chloramphenicol?
Lawsonia causes wet tail in hamsters and proliferative enteritis in ferrets.
Name the most commonly used anesthetic agent for fish.
What is MS222 (Tricaine Methane Sulphate)
This is the most common cause of alopecia in hamsters.
What is demodex?
-often secondary to diseases (like lymphoma) that cause immunosuppression
Name 2 radiographic changes you would expect to see on a hedgehog with IVDD.
1) Disc-space narrowing 2)Spondylosis 3)Disc mineralisation
Illustrate the pathogenesis of nasal dermatitis in gerbils.
stress/high humidity-->increase in porphyrin-->nares irritation-->erythematous external nares-->localized alopecia-->moist dermatitis-->increase in porphyrin
Name 3 facets of treatment of hepatic lipidosis in chelonia and lizards.
1) Optimize husbandry 2)Liver supplement (milk thistle) 3)O-tube 4)Carnitine, choline, and methionine supplementation 5)Nandrolone 6)OVH
Explain the relevance of hypercapnia in avian anesthetic recovery.
Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptors are very sensitive to CO2, and low end tidal CO2-->shutdown of spontaneous ventilation. Therefore, we want to steadily increase CO2 to stimulate breathing.
Do NOT give oxygen!
Name one disease of reptiles that results in eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies on histopathology.
Paramyxovirus, Inclusion Body Dz (in epithelial cells)- both snake diseases
N.B. Herpes in tortoises causes eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the NUCLEUS