Deductive Reasoning
This type of reasoning starts with general truths and examines whether a specific conclusion logically follows.
What is deductive reasoning?
These are general, simple, and fast strategies that people use to make decisions, often leading to a correct solution.
What are heuristics?
This bias occurs when people's prior beliefs and general knowledge override the rules of logic in reasoning.
What is the belief-bias effect?
A conditional reasoning task, often using an "if" "then" structure, is this type of reasoning.
What is propositional reasoning?
The heuristic where we judge the likelihood of something based on how similar it is to a typical case or category.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
The tendency to seek out or prefer information that confirms an existing hypothesis rather than trying to disprove it.
What is the confirmation bias?
In conditional reasoning, the "if..." part of the sentence is referred to as this.
What is the antecedent?
This heuristic involves estimating frequency or probability based on how easily relevant examples come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
The error in judging the probability of a combination of two events to be greater than the probability of either event alone.
What is the conjunction fallacy?
A common deductive reasoning task consisting of two assumed true statements and a conclusion.
What is a syllogism?
This heuristic starts with an initial estimate and then adjusts it based on further information, often resulting in insufficient adjustment.
What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic/ anchoring effect?
The deceptive belief that two variables are statistically related even when there's no actual evidence for the relationship.
What is an illusory correlation?
In propositional calculus, saying the "if..." part of a conditional statement is false, leading to an invalid conclusion.
What is denying the antecedent?
A special case of the availability heuristic where recognition of one option over another leads to the conclusion that the recognized option has a higher frequency.
What is the recognition heuristic?
This bias refers to the feeling, after an event has occurred, that it was predictable all along.
What is the hindsight bias?