Pre-WW1 Italy
Which party ruled Italy during WW1?
Liberal Party
How many casualties did Italy suffer?
600k
When did Mussolini form the National Fascist Party?
1919 - right after WW1
What is Mussolini's nickname?
Il Duce
What is Autarky and why did it fail?
self-sufficiency in Italy
not enough land
expensive invasions/militarism
too reliant on trade
Why was there regionalism in Italy?
North was more industrialized, Peasants in the south
What is the difference between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entendre? Hint; Treaty of London
Entendre - Britain, USSR, France (Italy)
Which group/organiztion supported Fascism in Italy?
The Vatican/Catholic Church
who did Mussolini blame for Italy's failures?
Socialist Regimes
Why did Mussolini oppose Anschluss and what did he support to prevent it?
share border with Hitler
play off the powers fighting over it
Stresa Front
Why did Pope Pius XI break support from Mussolini (post-WW1)?
Laws persecuting Italian Jews, in line with Hitler
What were the names of Fiume and Trieste?
"unredeemed lands"
What is Fascism diametrically opposed to? Hint; its cold during the winter.
USSR - Class Struggle
Internationalism
What's the Acerbo Law?
Majority vote gets 2/3 seats
allowed Mussolini to do things "legally"
What were some of the economic failures that led to expansionism?
Overvaluing of its currency exasperated effects of the Depression
USA investment stopped, Grain prices collapsed, Wages fell
Industry declined, unemployment grew to 2 million
Istituto Mobiliare Italiano – bank almost collapsed when they established this to bailout industrialists and bankers
Why was the Catholic Church and important ally to leader in Italy?
Vatican Located in country
supported by peasants
would cause division if unsupported
Why did Italy join the Triple Alliance in WW1?
Italian-speaking parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Treaty of London)
to become more of a European powerhouse
Needed to unify Trentino and Trieste
Why did Fascism grow in Italy?
need for social order
WW1 embarrassment
National pride
What did the blackshirts do for Mussolini?
Paramilitary organization that aided Mussolini in restricting press, speech, strikes, etc
Used intimidation & violence to rule, removed political opposition
Brought “much needed order” to Italy
why did Mussolini invade Abyssinia?
distract from domestic issues
thought it would be easy win
part of 2nd Roman Empire
Why was there working class protests?
represented the needs of the middle/upper classes only (dominated the political system)
Only wealthy men over 30 could vote
Italian Socialist Party where politicians wanted to end the unrest with force
What is the Fiume incident? Who protested it and how?
D'Annunzio protested by occupying Fiume with 2000 ex-soldiers, only left when PM changed
What are four of the five aspects of Fascism?
Militarism
Authoritarianism
Social Darwinism
Social Unity
Nationalism
What was the March on Rome and its results?
Mussolini with Black Shirt protesters
King appoints Mussolini PM
What was the "cost" of Mussolini's involvement in the Spanish Civil War?
Lira devalued
Lost half foreign currency reserves
Led to 14 billion lire cost, more reliant on German trade
Lost 1/3 of its military stock