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An example of this kind of study is: You want to study the effects of regular exercise on a persons heart rate you measure the heart rate of a person at rest and again after jogging in place for 5 min. Students who are on a school athletic team are compared to students who are not on a school athletic team.
What is observational study?
An example of this type of study is: You want to study the effects that music has on the ability to recall knowledge. Each individual in your study is given material to read on the same unfamiliar topic and then asked to fake a factual quiz in a room that has classical music playing.
What is experimental study?
This is accomplished by making all conditions, besides the response variable as similar as possible for all treatment groups.
What is control?
A characteristic of study design where subjects do not know if they are in the control or experimental group.
What is single blinding?
The unique values of a variable.
What are levels?
This type of study draws conclusions about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is not in the researcher's control.
What is Observational Study?
These are the three principles of experimental study.
What is comparison, randomization and replication?
In this group, nothing changes. The normal exposure or no exposure to the explanatory variable is given to the samples in this group. This is the baseline measurement.
What is control group?
A characteristic of study design where both researchers and subjects are unaware of the treatments that subjects are receiving.
What is double-blinding?
These are the two variables identified from a research question.
What are explanatory and response variables?
The values of this type of variable are types, and do not have numerical meaning.
What is categorical data?
This is done by grouping similar individuals together and then randomizing within these groups.
What is blocking?
In this sampling method, the population is divided into subgroups based on a characteristic.
What is a stratified sampling?
A "fake" treatment that looks just like the treatments being tested.
What is placebo?
A study in which a researchers attempt to find evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
What is an experiment?
The values in this type of categorical variable have an inherit hierarchy.
What is ordinal?
The ideal method for getting a representative sample of the population.
What is simple random sample?
A variable that is measured with regard to changes in the explanatory variable.
What is response variable?
This occurrence when differences in results between control and experimental groups are great enough as to not have occurred by chance alone.
What is statistical significance?
In this type of sampling, individuals are arranged in numerical order, and every nth person is selected.
What is systematic sampling?
A study is often conducted with these two groups.
What are experimental and control groups?
This process equalizes the effect of unknown or uncontrollable sources of variation.
What is randomization?
A variable that may be the cause in variation of a response rather than the explanatory variable.
What is a confounding variable?
This occurs when subjects respond positively to a “treatment” even though it is a placebo.
What is the placebo effect?
This is statistical phenomenon occurs when an association between two variables in a population emerges, disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subpopulations.
What is Simpson's Paradox?