Picture that design diagram!
Drawbacks in Experimental Design?
Name That Phenomenon!
Name That Phenomenon Pt.2!
100
Name this preexperimental design diagrammed below.
O X O
one-group pretest-posttest design
100
The only potential drawback for the use of the Solomon randomized four-group design is:
That a researcher must begin with a reasonably large pool of participants so that when they are divided into four groups, each of the groups will have a sufficient number to yield reliable results.
100
“That is, each respondent to the survey in Example 1 will belong to one---and only one---category” (Patten, 2012, p. 11)
Mutually exclusive categories
100
“stimulus or input causes changes in the dependent variable”
Independent variable
200
Name this true experimental design diagrammed below.
R O X O
R O O
R X O
R O
Solomon randomized four-group design
200
Name a possible drawback to using pretest in your experiment design:
Pretest sensitization (also called reactive effect of testing)
200
“This threat reminds researchers that if the experimental setting is different from the natural setting in which the population usually operates, the effects that are observed may not generalize to the natural setting.” (Patten, 2013, p. 93);
Reactive effects of experimental arrangements
200
“...if a sample is biased, a researcher’s ability to generalize a population is greatly limited. In a strict scientific sense, no generalizations should be made when this is the case.” (Patten, 2013, p. 93)
Selection bias
300
Name this true experimental design diagrammed below.
R O X O
R O O
Pretest-posttest randomized control group design
300
This type of design is of very limited value for investigating cause-and-effect relationships because of their poor internal validity.
What are Preexperimental Designs
300
“It is a widely used quasi-experimental design that has two intact groups (not assigned at random, as indicated by the dashed line.)” (Patten, 2012, p. 97)
Nonequivalent control group design
300
“This threat refers to the possibility that the pretest might influence how the participants respond to the experimental treatment.”(Patten, 2013, p. 93)
Reactive effect of testing (pretest sensitization)
400
Name this preexperimental design diagrammed below.
X O
----------------
O
static-group comparison design
400
What is a major disadvantage to the equivelant time-samples design because it has a strong posibility of occuring?
multiple-treatment interference
400
“Refers to the possibility that the control group might become aware of its ‘inferior’ status and respond by trying to outperform the experimental group.” (Patten, 2013, p. 99)
John Henry effect
400
“...has two groups, but participants are not assigned to the groups at random. …the selection of the two groups was not made in such a way that a researcher can have confidence that they are initially the same in all important respects.” (Patten, 2013, p. 95)
Static-group comparison design
500
Name this quasi-experimental design diagrammed below.
equivalent time-samples design
500
Which experimental design type is worst for finding cause-and-effect relationships?
preexperimental designs
500
“All threats to internal validity can be overcome by using a ____ _________ ______, in which participants are assigned at random to experimental and control conditions” (Patten, 2012, p. 92)
True experimental design
500
“...is a cue that lets participants know the expected outcome of an experiment. (Patten, 2013, p. 99)
Demand Characteristics