Pitfalls
This occurs when the independent variable of interest systematically covaries with a second, unintended independent variable.
What is a confound?
What is a confounding effect?
What is a confounding variable?
This is the probability of finding the obtained difference in an experiment if error variation alone were assumed to be responsible for the difference
What is a p value?
- One IV with 2 levels
- Random assignment to ONE condition
What is a two-group between-subjects design?
- One IV with 2 levels
- Random assignment to ONE condition
What is an independent samples t test?
These include getting to know the data, summarizing the data, and confirming what the data reveal.
What are the stages of data analysis?
The mistake researchers make when they fail to reject the null hypothesis even though it is actually false
What is a Type II error?
This tells you the strength of the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable
What is effect size?
- One IV with 2 levels
- All participants exposed to BOTH conditions
What is a two-group within-subjects design?
- One IV with 4 levels
- All participants exposed to ALL conditions
What is a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
This is the probability when testing the null hypothesis that is used to indicate whether an outcome is statistically significant.
What is the level of significance (or alpha level)?
When participants use cues and other information to guide their behavior in a psychological study, often leading them to do what they believe the experimenter expects them to do
What are demand characteristics?
This is the most commonly used measure of dispersion that indicates approximately how far on average scores differ from the mean
What is standard deviation?
- One IV with 4 levels
- All participants exposed to ALL conditions
What is a multi-group within-subjects design?
- One IV with 2 levels
- All participants exposed to BOTH conditions
What is a repeated-measures t test?
This type of analysis looks at the results of many independent experiments investigating the same research area.
What is a meta-analysis?
The mistake researchers make when they reject the null hypothesis even though it is actually true. The probability of making this mistake is equal to alpha.
What is a Type I error?
This is what you would report to indicate the range of values which we can expect to contain a population mean with a specified degree of certainty
What is a confidence interval?
- One IV with 2 levels
- One IV with 3 levels
- Random assignment to ONE condition
What is a between-subjects factorial design?
- One IV with 3 levels
- One IV with 4 levels
- All participants exposed to ALL conditions
What is a 3 x 4 repeated measures factorial ANOVA?
This technique helps you visualize both the general features of a data set and specific item information by organizing the data points by their leading digits and their trailing digits.
What is a stem-and-leaf display?
Experimenters' expectations that may lead them to treat subjects differently in different groups or to record data in a biased manner
What are experimenter effects?
This is the probability in a statistical test that a false null hypothesis will be rejected
- One IV with 3 levels
- One IV with 4 levels
- All participants exposed to ALL levels of first variable and ONE level of second variable
What is a mixed factorial design?
- One IV with 2 levels
- One IV with 3 levels
- All participants exposed to ALL levels of first variable and ONE level of second variable
What is a 2 x 3 mixed factorial ANOVA?
The initial overall analysis based on ANOVA is referred to as this.
What is an omnibus F test?