Variables
What is the independent (or manipulated) variable?
the variable that is changed
True or False
The independent variable (IV) changes the dependent variable (DV).
False
What is the proper format for a hypothesis?
If (I.V.) is related to (D.V.) then...(prediction)....because...(prior knowledge/basis).
What do you do if your hypothesis is refuted?
Ask another question and investigate again.
What is the dependent (responding) variable?
The variable that responds to the change
The changes that occur in an experiment that are directly caused by the experimenter (you) are called ___________.
Independent Variables
How is a theory different from a hypothesis?
A theory is a well supported broad range idea and a hypothesis is testable for a specific scenario.
When is a bar graph used?
to show a comparison among different categories
What is the difference between and inference and an observation?
inference is an educated guess and an observation is fact.
What is the controlled variables?
the variables that are held constant between the two test groups.
Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? The 2 variables: 1. water temperature 2. amount of dissolved sugar What is the dependent variable (DV)?
2. The amount of dissolved sugar
What is a null hypothesis?
a statement that shows not relationship between the independent and dependent variables
How is the scale determined for the graph?
highest value needed/number of spaces available
Write a scientific question based on the following scenario.
You are on the football team. You want to know if drinking water or drinking Gatorade during a game is more hydrating. The team has agreed to help you test your hypothesis during the next 6 games.
Is drinking water or Gatorade more hydrating during a game?
Identify the variables that would test the following scenario: Mrs. Zukowski noticed that when she puts olive oil on her hands she does not get dry skin in the winter. What would be the independent and dependent variable?
Olive oil = I.V. Dry Skin= D.V.
What axis does the independent variable go on in a graph?
Dependent variable?
the I.V. is the x-axis and the D.V. is the y-axis
Form a hypothesis for the following statement- Echinacea has an effect on the duration of a cold.
If Echinacea is related to lowering the duration of a cold, then an increase in Echinacea will decrease the duration of a cold since Echinacea supports the immune system.
What MUST be present on all graphs?
title, units, labels, equal scale for each axis, key (legend)
Jessie is concerned about how tired his classmates seem. He created a drink that he thinks will boost their energy. He recruits 100 classmates with a history of tiredness. He has 50 of them drink his new special energy drink. The other 50 drink a beverage that looks like the special energy drink, but is just water and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the special drink that would boost energy. After 2 hours, 30 classmates in the first group reported having more energy and 8 classmates in the second group reported having more energy.
What is the independent variable?
special energy drink
Write a hypothesis for the following data Height in Centimeters Red light Green light Blue light White light 2 1.4 1.8 1.8
If light color is related to plant growth, then red light will increase the growth the most since plants can best absorb red wavelengths of light.
Create a null hypothesis for the following relationship: water is related to plant growth
If water is not related to plant growth, then increasing the amount of water will not effect plant growth because water is not needed as a resource for plants.
Write a scientific question based on the scenario below.
You are a doctor working at Kaiser. You want to test a new drug for cancer patients who are being treated in your hospital. You have a good feeling that this drug will work. You have 100 patients on which to test your drug.
Will the new drug stop the growth of cancer cells in patients with cancer?