Pandora's Box
independent variable
What is the variable that is manipulated in an experimental study; the variable that is presumed to come first in a correlational study and has an effect on the DV
This scale of measurement ranks data but does not assess specific differences between them.
Ordinal
A measure is _____ if it is consistent.
Reliable
Dependent variable
What is variable that is influenced the independent variable; occurs after the IV. OR the outcome measure in a study. The variable that is being measured.
What is a construct?
Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
Cross-sectional: is a research method where data are collected at the same time from people in different age categories.
Longitudinal: the study of changes in individual or group behavior over an extended period of time by repeatedly monitoring the same subjects.
______ refers to a measurement procedure must accurately capture the variable that it is supposed to measure.
Validity
Eye color, gender, ethnicity, are examples of this scale of measurement
Nominal
Name 3 characteristics of a good hypothesis
Testable
Falsifiable
Accurate
Parsimonius
**Daily Double**
Name and Define two types of reliability.
Interrater reliability is the degree to which observers agree in their measurement
of the behavior.Test-retest reliability means the degree to which a person's scores are consistent across two or more administrations of a measurement procedure.Interitem reliability measures the degree to which different parts of an instrument (questionnaire or test) that are designed to measure the same variable achieve consistent results.
Define internal validity
Internal validity is the degree to which changes in the dependent variable across treatment conditions were due to the independent variable.
________ refers to how consistent a measure assesses its key construct/concept.
Reliability
A method of defining and measuring a construct
Operational Definition
A research study is conducted to determine if Zoloft decreases depressive symptoms. The study places participants in two groups, one group receives a placebo and the other group receives 75 mg of Zoloft. What are the independent and dependent variables?
Dependent- amount of depressive symptoms. Independent- medication (Zoloft and placebo)
Name three (3) reasons why Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment was unethical
Violated Respect for persons, Beneficence, etc.
Harmed participants
Violated confidentiality
H1: Participants in the therapy treatment condition will report lower mean PTSD scores than those in the control condition. 1.) What are the independent and dependent variables? 2.) What scale of measurement is the DV?
1.) IV- Treatment condition/group DV- PTSD test scores. 2.) Interval/Ratio
Compare and contrast Predictive and Construct Validity
•Predictive validity
–Scores obtained from a measure accurately predict behavior according to a theory.
•Construct validity
–Scores obtained from a measurement behave exactly the same as the variable itself.