Basics
The variable which is purposefully manipulated in an experimental research study.
What is the independent variable?
The validity that addresses the degree to which the change in the dependent variable occurs solely due to manipulation of the independent variable.
What is internal validity?
Any design that involves a manipulated independent variable.
What is pre-experimental design?
The entity which controls the selection of study participants.
Who is the researcher?
This is the variable that the researcher collects data on.
What is the dependent variable?
The variable which is measured in an experimental research study.
What is the dependent variable?
The validity that measures the degree to which experimental results are generalizable to situations outside of the experimental setting.
What is external validity?
Any design that involves two or more independent variables, in which at least one is manipulated.
What is factorial design?
This is the group that receives the new treatment.
What is the experimental group?
This describes the researcher's efforts to remove the influence of any variable besides the independent on the dependent variable.
What is the control?
The condition received by the experimental group, that is not received by the control group.
What is the treatment?
What is the unreliability, or lack of consistency, in measuring instruments that may result in invalid assessment of performance, which is a threat to experimental validity.
What is instrumentation?
Nonequivalent control group design is an example of this.
This is the group that receives a different treatment or is treated as usual.
What is the control group?
These are the types of control variables.
What are participant and environmental variables?
The guiding statement of an experiment which states a relationship between the independent and dependent variable.
What is the hypothesis?
The threat to validity when different treatment groups communicate with and learn from each other.
What is treatment diffusion?
Post-test only design with non-equivalent groups is an example of this.
What is pre-experimental design?
This is the goal of random selection.
What is ensuring that two groups are similar in all variables except the independent variable?
This is the variable that describes differences between participants of a study.
What are participant variables?
The type of research that produces the soundest evidence concerning course-effect relations.
What is experimental research?
The threat to validity when selection of subjects who have differences at the start of a study that may influence posttest differences, which usually occurs when already-formed groups are used.
What is differential selection?
Pretest-posttest control group design is an example of this.
What is true experimental design?
This is the entity which decides which participants are in each group.
Who is the researcher?
These are differences in the physical setting of the study that may affect the outcome.
What are environmental variables?