Definitions: Experimental designs
Define: Independent Measures
Experimental design where participants only go through one condition.
An experiment in which there is a controlled setting and the independent variable is randomly allocated to the group.
Which experiment type generally has the least ecological validity? Why?
Lab experiment because they are performed in highly controlled settings unlikely to occur in the real world.
What are some strengths of using an independent measures design?
Less likely to have demand characteristics or order effects, and it is less time consuming.
Define: Repeated Measures
An experiment in which the same participants go through both or multiple conditions.
Define: True experiment
An experiment in which the independent variable is manipulated and the dependent variable is measured under controlled conditions. Participants are randomly allocated into conditions.
Which experimental type(s) are generally more likely to have ethical concerns? Why?
Lab and field experiments because the researchers manipulate the independent variables?
What experiment type(s) generally has the least ethical concerns?
Natural and or quasi experiments
Define: Matched Pairs
An experiment in which the researchers match participants by certain characteristics and one is put in each condition.
Define: Natural Experiment
An experiment in which the experimenter/ researcher does not have control over the independent variable as it is a naturally occurring event.
What experimental design is most susceptible to fatigue, practice, and order effects as limitations?
Repeated measures.
What type of validity is this experimental type high in? Natural Experiment
Ecological validity
Define: Interference Effects
When participating in the first part of the study effects the results of the second part of the study.
An experiment in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable in the participants natural environment. Limited control of confounding variables.
What experimental design is most susceptible to participant characteristics being a confounding variable?
Independent Measures
True or False:
A strength of independent measures is that requires less time than repeated measures.
True
Define: Researcher Bias
When the experimenters belief affects the results of the study.
Define: Quasi Experiment
An experiment in which the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable as it is a characteristic of the participants (race, job, etc.)
What experimental type(s) is generally low in internal validity as it is difficult to replicate?
Natural experiments because the researcher is taking advantage of a naturally occurring event.
What experimental type can create the strongest argument for a cause and effect relationship?
True experiments