Experiments
What process does the arrow represent?
(Image 1)
Azimuthal integration
What is the main advantage of synchrotron radiation?
Increased brilliance
The majority of x-rays produced in a x-ray tube are the result of what?
A rapid deceleration of electrons as they pass through the target material (Bremsstrahlung)
The higher the x-ray energy the ____ the wavelength
shorter
What process is this?
(Image 6)
Photoelectric absorption
What are two ways of creating contrast in an x-ray image
Absorption and phase
How does a synchrotron produce x-ray?
Bending magnets and insertion devices
When a stream of electrons interact with a target anode, x-rays are generated by two different processes. Name them.
Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation
When was x-ray discovered and by who?
1901, W. C. Röngten
What process is this?
(Image 7)
Flourescent x-ray emission
What type of experiment is this from?
(Image 2)
Diffraction
The radius of an electron orbiting in a synchrotron is given by this expression. On what order of magnitude is the electron energy?
(Image 3)
[GeV]
The speed and energy of the electron stream as it passes across an x-ray tube is primarily controlled by what?
The applied voltage
What is x-ray
EM radiation (with a wavelength roughly on the same order as the seperations between ordered atoms in a crystal)
What process is this?
(Image 8)
Auger electron emission
What are characteristics of samples that XRD is NOT well suited to analyze?
Amorphous and inhomogenius materials
How does a synchrotron accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light?
Using a Linac (RF cavities)
Which peak is k_alpha and which is k_beta?
(Image 4)
left: k_alpha, right: k_beta
What is ionizing radiation?
Waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecule by detaching electrons from them
What process is this?
(Image 9)
Compton scattering
You are doing an experiment with a x-ray tube as a source and you dont want k_beta to reach your sample, how do you proceed?
Filter them out with a material that has an absorption edge between k_alpa and k_beta
A door to an experimental hutch at Max IV is open, are you allowed to enter?
If you have beamtime at the corresponding beamline
Which of theese can you produce the highest flux intensity with? and why?
(Image 5)
Rotating anode, because it dissipates heat better.
The relationship between wavelength and photon energy is:
lambda[Å] = x / E[keV]
What is x?
x = hc ~ 12
A change in the direction of x-ray without a change in its energy is called what?
Elastic scattering (Thomson scattering)