Age of Exploration
What 2 countries led early exploration
Portugal and Spain
Who Sailed the Ocean Blue in 1492
Christopher Columbus
What is absolutism?
A system where a ruler has total power over the government.
Which French king is most associated with absolutism?
Louis XIV
What happened when Europeans first encountered Native Americans?
They traded, fought, and exchanged ideas and goods
What was the main goal of Early European Exploration
to find new trade routes and wealth
Who was the first to sail around Africa to reach India?
Vasco da Gama
What belief said a king’s authority came directly from God?
Divine Right
Which ruler said, “I am the state”?
Which ruler said, “I am the state”?
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of goods, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
What body of water did explorers have to cross in order to reach the Americas
the Atlantic Ocean
Who led the first successful circumnavigation of the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan (his crew completed it)
Why did absolute monarchs weaken the power of nobles
To increase their own control over the country.
How did Henry VIII increase his power over the Church in England?
He broke from the Catholic Church and made himself head of the Church of England.
Why did Native American populations decline after European contact?
Disease, warfare, and enslavement.
1400-1600
Which explorer conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés; it led to Spanish control of Mexico and great wealth.
How did absolutist rulers use religion to justify their power?
They claimed God chose them to rule.
Which country did Peter the Great rule?
Russia
Name one crop brought from the Americas to Europe.
Corn, potatoes, or tomatoes.
what treaty divided the new world between Spain and Portugal
The treaty of Tordesillas
How did explorers help build European empires?
They claimed land, opened trade routes, and brought wealth to their countries.
Why did some Europeans begin to challenge absolutism?
Heavy taxes, limited rights, and Enlightenment ideas.
How did absolute rulers use culture and architecture to show power?
Through palaces, art, and ceremonies that displayed wealth and authority.
Explain one positive and one negative consequence of European exploration.
Positive—global trade expanded; Negative—Native populations declined.