Motives for Exploration
What are the three main motives for European exploration?
Gold, God, and Glory
Who reached the Americas in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of goods, plants, animals, and diseases between hemispheres
What device shows direction using Earth’s magnetic field?
Compass
What deadly consequence did exploration have for Native Americans?
Spread of European diseases
What did “God” represent in explorers’ motivations?
Desire to spread Christianity
Who was the first to sail around the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
What was traded along the Middle Passage?
Enslaved Africans
What tool allowed sailors to measure latitude using the stars?
Astrolabe
What new animals changed transportation in the New World?
Horses and cattle
How did monarchs benefit from exploration?
Increased power, wealth, and colonies
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés
What regions were connected by Triangular Trade?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas
What was the name of the small, fast, and maneuverable ship used by explorers?
Caravel
What was the major impact of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Divided new lands between Spain and Portugal
Which economic system encouraged nations to gain colonies and wealth?
Mercantilism
Who sailed around Africa to reach India?
Vasco da Gama
Name one positive effect of the Columbian Exchange on Europe.
New crops (potatoes, corn) improved diets and populations
Who founded a navigation school in Portugal?
Prince Henry the Navigator
How did European exploration lead to the creation of global trade networks?
Linked continents through sea routes and exchanges
What role did competition between European countries play in exploration?
Rivalries pushed nations to claim new lands first
Which explorer conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
What negative effect did European trade have on Africa?
Depopulation and disruption due to the slave trade
How did improvements in cartography help exploration?
More accurate maps improved navigation and planning
How did exploration affect the balance of power in Europe?
Spain and Portugal became dominant global empires