People
"Discovered" the New World when he landed on San Salvador Island in 1492.
Who is Christopher Columbus.
Started the Protestant Reformation when he wrote his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther?
A plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century and destroyed 1/3 of the population.
What is the Black Death?
The transfer of biological elements (plants, animals, people, diseases) and cultural practices between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the Age of Exploration.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The Catholic practice of paying for forgiveness of sins (or lessinging one's time in Purgatory).
What are indulgences?
The conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
Who is Hernan Cortes?
The conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
The agreement organized by the pope that divided the known territories of the New World between Spain and Portugal in 1494.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Martin Luther's belief regarding achieving salvation (how one gets into heaven).
John Calvin's belief that God has already determined who will and will not be saved.
What is predestination?
The King of England who separated his country from the Catholic Church in order to annul or end his marriage to his first wife.
Who is Henry VIII?
The pope who called for an indulgence sale to finance St. Peter's Basilica, whichj led to the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
Who is Leo X?
A medieval conflict within the Catholic Church that led to the election of two separate popes and the division of Europe.
What is the Great Western Schism?
A social hierarchy in New Spain based on race/ethnicity.
What is the casta system?
The belief that the wine and the bread in the Eucharist ceremony miraculously transform into the blood and body of Christ.
What is transubstantiation?
The founder of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus). A Catholic priest and missionary who lived during the Reformation.
Who is Ignatius Loyola?
The Protestant leader of Geneva, Switzerland, who established a safe haven for Protestants fleeing Catholic persecution.
Who is John Calvin?
Peace treaty that established the principle of "whose realm, whose religion" and allowed for the toleration of Catholics and Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
A grant of land ownership in the New World issued by the Spanish government.
What is an ecomienda?
A business entity where individuals own shares, allowing them to share in both profit and risk.
What is a joint stock company?
The first European explorer to sail around the Cape of Good Hope. He was from Portugal.
Who is Bartolomeu Dias?
The ruler of Saxony who protected Martin Luther from being executed as a heretic after the Diet of Worms.
Who is Frederick the Wise?
Peace treaty that expanded on the Peace of Ausgburg and allowed for the toleration of Catholics, Lutherans, AND Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire.
An economic policy that has the goal of a favorable balance of trade (exports > imports).
What is mercantilism?
The farmland that was granted to a Spanish settler via an encomienda and worked on by slaves.
What is a hacienda?