Present Perfect & Questions
Complete the sentence: I’ve known Katie ___ we were two years old. (for / since)
since.
Use since with the point in time when something began. Use for with an amount of time, as in for ten years.
Make an abstract noun: child + __
childhood.
The suffix -hood turns a noun into an abstract noun. Others like this are adulthood and neighbourhood
Choose the correct answer:
I enjoy (to swim / swimming) at the weekend.
swimming.
Enjoy is followed by the -ing form.
Hate, finish and practise work the same way.
Choose the correct preposition:
We spent three weeks walking (through / across) the jungle.
through.
Through means moving inside something from one side to the other, like a jungle, a park or a tunnel.
What is the comparative form of the adverb fast?
faster.
One-syllable adverbs add -er / -est. Other examples are earlier and longer.
Choose the correct word: I haven’t seen my cousins (lately / so far).
Lately talks about something that hasn’t happened for some time, or about repeated actions in the recent past. So far means from the start until now, as in I’ve written six pages so far.
Make an abstract noun from happy, and spell it correctly!
happiness.
The y changes to i before -ness. Abstract nouns describe ideas, not things we can see or touch.
Choose the correct word:
(All / Every) page in this book has a number.
Every.
Every is followed by a singular noun.
All is used with plural nouns, as in all pages.
Choose the correct word:
She didn’t take the bus. She didn’t walk (too / either).
either
Use either at the end of a negative sentence.
Too and as well are for positive sentences.
Choose the correct answer: Could you speak (slowlier / more slowly), please?
more slowly.
Adverbs with two or more syllables use more / most.
Complete the question: ___ you ever ___ (be) to Japan?
Your friend says “Yes!” Now ask a follow-up question about when.
Have you ever been to Japan? → When did you go? Use Have you ever…? (present perfect) to ask about general experience. Follow-up questions about specific details use the past simple
Turn this into a compound adjective: a journey that lasts six hours → a ___ journey.
a six-hour journey.
Compound adjectives with numbers use a hyphen, and the noun stays singular. ❌ six-hours
Complete the sentence with the verb melt. There are two correct answers! The ice caps have started ___ faster.
melting OR to melt.
Some verbs can be followed by both forms: start, begin, like, love, continue, prefer.
Fill in both gaps:
The ferry goes ___ the river, and the Tube goes ___ the city.
across … under.
Across means from one side to the other side of a surface.
Under means below something
Give the comparative AND superlative of badly.
worse, worst. Badly is irregular, like well (better, best) and far (farther/further, farthest/furthest).
Write the question for this answer, asking about the underlined person: Tom broke the window.
This is a subject question: the question word asks about the subject, so there’s no did. ❌ Who did break the window
Complete both sentences with the word bore: The film was so ___ that I was ___.
boring … bored. Use -ing for how something makes people feel (the film). Use -ed for how a person feels (I)
Find and correct the mistake: All us enjoy living in clean surroundings.
All of us. We must use all of and both of before object pronouns (us, you, them).
Put also in the correct place in both sentences:
a) She lives there. b) I’m feeling tired.
a) She also lives there. b) I’m also feeling tired.
Also goes before the main verb, but after the verb be.
Complete the sentence: I studied ___ (hard) than my brother, so I did ___ (well) in the test.
harder … better.
Hard is one syllable, so it takes -er.
Well is irregular, so it becomes better.
Use than to compare.
Explain the difference: a) Who called Tom? b) Who did Maria call? Why does only one question use did?
Key point: Subject questions don’t use do/does/did.
Explain the difference in meaning: a) Tom is confusing. b) Tom is confused.
Explain the difference: a) Both of them passed the test. b) All of them passed the test. How many people are in each group?
a) Both is used for exactly two people or things
b) All is used for three or more
Key point: We must use of before object pronouns. Both of them and all of them are correct, but both them and all them are wrong.
Explain the difference in meaning:
a) We walked into the forest. b) We walked through the forest.
a) into means we went from outside to inside the forest, and we are still in it. b) through means we went in one side and came out the other side.
Key point: Into is about entering. Through is about passing from one side to the other.
Explain the difference:
a) Kay arrived a little earlier than me. b) Kay arrived much earlier than me
a) a little / a bit means the difference is small, maybe only a few minutes. b) much / far means the difference is large, maybe an hour or more.
Key point: Words before a comparative adverb show how big the difference is.