Volcano Parts
Term for molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Magma.
Home to the world's largest volcano. In addition to being the largest, with a summit nearly 13,700 feet high, it is also one of the world's most active.
Since 1843, it has erupted 33 times, most recently in 1984. At 60 miles long and 30 miles wide, the name of this mountain fittingly translates to "Long Mountain".
Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii.
The "Ring of ________" refers to a massive region in the Pacific Ocean. It is the home to 452 volcanoes that make up 75% of all volcanoes present in the world.
Fire.
Geologically the oldest—and now inactive— the island of ________, formed roughly five million years ago.
Kauai.
These types of volcanoes have a recent history of eruptions; they are likely to erupt again.
Active.
An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape.
A vent.
This active volcano that looms over the Bay of Naples in southern Italy, has erupted well over 30 times that we know of.
Yet its most famous eruption took place all the way back in A.D. 79, when a multiday eruption of lava and ash covered the cities of Pompeii and Stabiae.
Mount Vesuvius.
Volcanoes are often found at meeting points of _________ tectonics.
Plate.
Lava from five volcanoes laid the foundations of this island.
The Big Island of Hawai'i.
These types of volcanoes have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.
Receive an extra 100 points if you can answer this next question;
These volcanoes are not expected to erupt in the future.
First question; dormant. Second question; extinct.
Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools.
Lava.
The explosion on this mountain is the largest ever recorded by humans, ranking a 7 (or "super-colossal") on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, the second-highest rating in the index. The volcano, which is still active, is one of the tallest peaks in the chain of islands in which it is found.
The eruption reached its peak in April 1815, when it exploded so loudly that it was heard on an island, more than 1,200 miles (1,930 km) away.
Mount Tambora in Indonesia.
The word “volcano” comes from this Roman God of Fire.
Vulcan.
The island on Oahu is formed from two principle volcanoes: Waianae and Koolau. Which one is older?
Waianae. Waianae is about 2.2-3.8 million years old and Koolau is about 1.8-2.6 million years old.
A volcano that looks like a mound.
Shield.
Fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2 mm in size that are blasted into the air by volcanic explosions.
Ash.
Beneath the entirety of this National Park, lies a supervolcano. Three magnitude-8 eruptions rocked the area as far back as 2.1 million years ago, again 1.2 million years ago and most recently 640,000 years ago.
According to the US Geological Survey, "Together, the three catastrophic eruptions expelled enough ash and lava to fill the Grand Canyon."
Yellowstone National Park.
Other planets and moons have volcanoes, too! The largest volcano in our solar system is Olympus Mons, found on this planet.
Mars.
This volcano lies east of Mauna Loa and is considered to be Earth’s most active volcano. It is Hawaii’s youngest.
Kilauea.
This volcano forms from alternating layers of lava and ash.
Composite.
The name for the side of a volcano.
Flank.
This eruption in 1902 was one of the largest eruptions of the 20th century. The violent explosion came after the volcano had remained silent for roughly 500 years, and left a large crater, nearly a mile across, on the mountain's southwest flank.
The Santa Maria eruption in Guatemala.
The United States ranks third, behind Indonesia and __________, in the number of historically active volcanoes, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
Japan.
The seamount chain, with over 80 identified undersea volcanoes, stretches over 5,800 kilometres (3,600 mi) from the Aleutian Trench in the far northwest Pacific to the Loʻihi seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of the Island of Hawaiʻi.
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.
This volcano forms from thick lava that erupts explosively and creates very steep sides.
Cinder cone.