Introduction
How many parts are in an introduction?
3
What is the job of this part of the introduction?
Grab the reader's attention.
What is the second part of the conclusion?
Summary of the arguments
Which of the following is NOT a type of last thought?
A) Broader significance (or philosophical insight)
B) practical application (or real-world relevance)
C) Past (or previous research/discovery)
D) showing multiple applications (or illustrating widespread impact)
C) Past (or previous research/discovery)
An introduction that begins "Have humans always wondered about the stars? Ancient civilizations studied astronomy. The universe contains billions of galaxies" is missing this crucial element.
Thesis Statement
What is the first part of the introduction?
The hook
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of hooks?
A) Fact
B) Value
C) Question
D) Quotation
B) Value
This part restates your main position using different words than the introduction
Reformulation of the thesis statement
What type of last thought is it?
"From medicine to agriculture, understanding genetics has transformed numerous fields"
Multiple applications (or illustrating widespread impact)
A conclusion that says "In conclusion, hurricanes form through atmospheric processes involving heat, moisture, and wind patterns. In summary, hurricanes are powerful storms" makes this critical error.
Revealing details that should have been in body paragraphs (or introducing new specific information)
OR
Using multiple conclusion phrases redundantly
A good thesis statement should do this clearly, but should NOT reveal your paragraphs' main idea.
Give the main idea of the text
What type of hook is this?
Procrastination is the act of delaying tasks despite knowing there will be negative consequences
Definition
You should NOT do this when reformulating your thesis in the conclusion
Copy it word-for-word from the introduction
What type of last thought is it?
"The intricacy of DNA structure reveals the complexity of life itself"
Broader significance (or philosophical insight)
The introduction thesis says "Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy" but the conclusion reformulation says "Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere."
What is the problem.
Changing the focus (or shifting to a different aspect of the topic)
"Here is why social media is bad for kids" is not a strong thesis statement because...
It is not specific enough
What type of hook is this?
Martin Luther King Jr. once said, "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
Quotation
When reformulating, you should keep this the same while changing the wording.
Main idea or thesis statement
What type of last thought is this:
"As technology improves, scientists will continue to explore the ocean depths"
Future (or ongoing research/discovery)
A thesis statement that reads "The three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, each with distinct characteristics" breaks this key rule about thesis statements in expository writing.
Revealing the paragraphs' main ideas (or listing the paragraph topics)
In an introduction about school uniforms, mentioning that "this debate has occurred in school boards for decades" serves this purpose.
Background information
What type of hook is this?
"The human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons."
Fact/Statistic
What are the four types of last thoughts you can use in a text?
Broader significance (or philosophical insight), practical application (or real-world relevance), future (or ongoing research/discovery), showing multiple applications (or illustrating widespread impact)
Unlike opinion essays that might end with rhetorical questions, expository final thoughts typically do this instead.
Make statements, provide observations/avoid questions
An introduction with an anecdote hook about observing a butterfly, background information about insect populations, and a thesis about metamorphosis does this well.
Connects all three parts logically (or maintains coherence/stays on topic)