Physical Activity
Name a symptom of frailty
Unintentional weight loss
reduced gait speed
reduced muscle strength
What does the somatic nervous system control?
voluntary movements
What is a decrease in muscle mass in aging adults called?
sarcopenia
The decrease in bone mineral density in aging is called:
osteopenia
Name a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
1. Family History
2. Dyslipidemia
3. Physical Inactivity
What MET level defines sedentary behavior?
greater than or equal to 1.5 METs
What would slower processing speed of visual information, a decrease in sensitivity of cutaneous receptors to touch and pressure, and a decline in density of hair cells in the inner ear effect in an older individual?
Balance
Which two senses have the greatest decline with age?
sight and hearing
What is a major sign of chronic disease in an older adult?
ankle edema
syncope
dyspnea
angina
What is the leading cause of death and disability in older adults?
Falls
What should sedentary behavior should be minimized to? (less than how much?)
less than 12.5 daily hours
less than 10-30-minute bouts
What systems is balance made up of?
Cognitive, Motor, Sensory
What is a physical function test of muscular strength in older adults?
30-second chair stand
Oxygen consumption (VO2) is the combination of what physiological factors?
cardiac output and arteriovenous difference (AVO2-difference)
Name a risk factor associated with functional decline in older adults
Drug abuse (alcohol and medications)
Cognitive impairment
Low levels of social activity
Describe moderate intensity activity through METS, RPE, % HR
3-6 METS, 3-6 RPE, 50-70% HRmax
A Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called:
motor unit
What is a physical function test of aerobic endurance in older adults?
6-minute walk test
What percentage does VO2 peak decline per decade when participating in aerobic exercise?
5% per decade
The occurrence, rate, or frequency of new cases (of a disease, for example) is called:
incedence
Describe vigorous intensity activity through METS, RPE, % HR,
> 6 METS, 7-10 RPE, 70-85% HRmax
An efference copy or stored movement patterns exist in what area of the brain?
motor cortex
What are the best indicators of physical function in older adults?
gait speed and grip strength
Axon sprouting, dendritic branching, and angiogenesis in brain tissue explain what in an older adult?
neuroplasticity
What are the three steps involved in pre-exercise and health screening for an older adult?
Informed Consent
Health History Questionnaire
ACSM Algorithm