Nutrition+Energy
List the3 places in the body carbs are stored
what are the blood, liver, and skeletal muscle
the brain relies on mainly this for fuel
carbohydrates/glucose
An increase in this molecule will activate the appropriate energy system to resynthesize ATP
ADP
list the energy systems in order of their power (high to low)
1. immediate
2. non-oxidative
3. oxidative
As exercise intensity increases there is a crossover from mainly ____ utilization to mainly ____ utilization
Fat ---> carb
Two roles fats play in the body
-metabolized/stored for energy
-protection
-insulation
-hunger suppressor
-transport medium for fat-soluble vitamins
The average male stores _____ calories of carbohydrate in his liver
400 calories
what energy system is being used if 10 sec sprints with a 35 sec rest are being performed
immediate
During metabolism how many ATP are yielded for every NADH molecule sent through the ETC
3 ATP
What happens in a reduction reaction
-a gain of electrons or hydrogen ions
About how long does one need to exercise until carbohydrate stores in the muscle/liver are depleted
about 2 hours
What are the kcal/g for each macronutrient
-carb= 4 kcal/g
-protein= 4 kcal/g
-fat= 9kcal/g
in the immediate energy system what compound releases energy to perform mechanical work/skeletal muscle contraction
phosphocreatine
what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
oxygen
what is beta-oxidation
the process for breaking down a fat molecule
what dissolves and remains in the body's fatty tissues and do not need to be ingested daily?
what are fat-soluble vitamins
what is the recommended amount of carbohydrates per day for an athlete?
60-70% (8-10 g/kg of body mass)
theoretically when would the aerobic energy system fatigue
depletion of free fatty acids
what is the rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle
isocitrate dehydrogenase
name a rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis
Phosphorylase or PFK
What is the body's most abundant mineral?
what s calcium
what is the recommended amount of protein per day for an athlete?
1.2-1.8 g/kg of body mass
(could be more if needed)
During anaerobic glycolysis what is pyruvate reduced to
lactic acid
name the two compounds pyruvate can turn into
lactate and acetyl Co-enzyme A
What hormone breaks down a triglyceride molecule
hormone sensitive lipase