EXSC 301 Final_SP2025

Cardiovascular Responses

100

This is the term for your heart rate when you are relaxed

Resting Heart Rate

200

This term describes the volume of blood ejected by the heart per beat.

Stroke Volume

300

This formula calculates cardiac output.

Stroke volume x Heart Rate

400

This principle explains how increased venous return stretches the heart and increases force of contraction

Frank-Starling Law/Mechanism

500

Name two out of the four factors that enhance blood flow during endurance training

1. Increased capillarization

2. Greater recruitment of existing capillaries

3. Effective blood flow redistribution

4. Increased blood volume

Pulmonary & Respiratory Physiology

100

his term means shortness of breath during exercise.

Dyspnea

200

This term describes an increase in ventilation that exceeds the body's need for CO₂ removal.

Hyperventilation

300

This point during exercise shows a disproportionate increase in ventilation compared to oxygen consumption.

Ventilatory threshold

400

What is a potential cause of exercise-induced asthma in athletes.

Drying and cooling of airways

500

This is the ratio between ventilation and oxygen consumption.

Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen

Muscle Physiology & Training Principles

100

This principle states that not everyone responds the same way to training.

Individuality

200

This term refers to a temporary increase in muscle size due to fluid accumulation.

Transient hypertrophy

300

This mechanism refers to an increase in muscle fiber number.

Hyperplasia

400

This protein complex plays a central role in muscle protein synthesis.

mTOR

500

This cell organelle plays a crucial role in muscle remodeling and adaptation, acting as a hub for mTOR

Lysosome

Endurance Training & Adaptations I

100

This term refers to the highest amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise

VO_2max

200

This happens to resting heart rate as an adaptation to endurance training.

It decreases

300

This adaptation to training improves cardiac output during exercise.

Stroke volume

400

This coactivator regulates genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis during endurance training.

PGC-1α

500

Name the three factors that increase stroke volume. Indicate whether they increase or decrease.

Preload (EDV), Contractility, Afterload (ESV)

Endurance Training & Adaptations II

100

With endurance training, this component of the heart undergoes hypertrophy and becomes more efficient.

Left ventricle

200

Aerobic training leads to _____________ shift in the lactate threshold.

Rightward shift

300

This term refers to the time it takes for heart rate to return to baseline after exercise.

Heart rate recovery period

400

VO₂max is the product of these two physiological variables, per the Fick equation.

Cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference

500

This term refers to when old or damaged mitochondria are being cleared/recycled

Mitophagy