Ch. 10 Respiratory
The protein storing oxygen in muscle tissue is called:
A) Myoglobin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Albumin
D) Actin
A) Myoglobin
Which is the most important extracellular buffer during exercise?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Phosphates
C) Bicarbonate
D) Proteins
C) Bicarbonate
One adaptation of heat acclimation is an earlier onset of:
A) Shivering
B) Vasoconstriction
C) Sweating
D) Protein breakdown
C) Sweating
Short-term endurance training (4 months) increases VO₂max primarily by improving:
A) Muscle buffering capacity
B) Mitochondrial density
C) Stroke volume
D) Ventilatory threshold
C) Stroke volume
Hypertrophy means:
A) Increase in the number of muscle fibers
B) Decrease in muscle cell size
C) Increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area
D) Loss of neural drive
C) Increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the:
A) Bronchi
B) Alveoli
C) Pleura
D) Trachea
B) Alveoli
*** Double Points***
Compared to a solution at pH 7, a solution at pH 5 has how many times more hydrogen ions?
A) 2 times
B) 5 times
C) 10 times
D) 100 times
D) 100 times
Approximately how much of the energy used during exercise is released as heat?
A) 10–20%
B) 25–30%
C) 40–50%
D) 70–80%
D) 70–80%
Long-term endurance training leads to improvements in both stroke volume and:
A) Maximal heart rate
B) Lactate production
C) Blood viscosity
D) A-v O₂ difference
D) A-v O₂ difference
The “cross-education” phenomenon describes:
A) Training both endurance and strength in the same session
B) Growth of bone along with muscle
C) Increase in blood flow to muscles
D) Strength gains in the untrained limb
D) Strength gains in the untrained limb
The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during each breath is called:
A) Residual volume
B) Vital capacity
C) Tidal volume
D) Total lung capacity
C) Tidal volume
Which of the following is NOT a primary source of hydrogen ions during exercise?
A) Carbon dioxide production
B) Glycolysis and lactic acid production
C) ATP breakdown
D) Oxygen binding to hemoglobin
D) Oxygen binding to hemoglobin
High humidity impairs heat loss mainly because it reduces:
A) Blood flow to the skin
B) Radiation of heat
C) Evaporation of sweat
D) Hormone secretion
C) Evaporation of sweat
Endurance training increases stroke volume by all EXCEPT:
A) Increased afterload
B) Increased ventricular volume
C) Increased plasma volume
D) Increased contractility
A) Increased afterload
Increased specific tension in Type I fibers during resistance training is linked to:
A) More fat utilization
B) Increased calcium sensitivity
C) Faster lactate removal
D) Lower ATP use
B) Increased calcium sensitivity
A normal FEV₁/VC ratio in healthy individuals should be: greater than ___%.
80
During exercise, the kidneys play a __________ role in acid-base balance.
A) Major and immediate
B) Minor and slow
C) Primary and rapid
D) Secondary and fast
B) Minor and slow
The hypothalamic center regulating body temperature is called:
A) Pineal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Preoptic anterior hypothalamus
D) Cerebellum
C) Preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH)
Which molecule is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis?
A) AMP kinase
B) Calcineurin
C) PGC-1α
D) mTOR
C) PGC-1α
Which signaling molecule is central to resistance-training-induced protein synthesis?
A) AMPK
B) mTOR
C) LDH
D) PGC-1α
B) mTOR
*** Double Points***
Which of these would NOT increase gas diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
A) Larger surface area
B) Higher pressure difference
C) Thicker membrane
D) Higher diffusion coefficient
C) Thicker membrane
Carnosine, which helps buffer H⁺ in muscle, is increased by supplementation with:
A) Sodium bicarbonate
B) Potassium chloride
C) Beta-alanine
D) Vitamin C
C) Beta-alanine
*** Double Points***
One liter of sweat evaporation removes how many kcal of heat?
A) 100 kcal
B) 250 kcal
C) 400 kcal
D) 580 kcal
D) 580 kcal
*** Double Points***
Increased mitochondrial density results in:
A) More lactate production at submaximal exercise
B) Lower cytosolic ADP concentration
C) Increased PC depletion
D) Higher reliance on glycolysis
B) Lower cytosolic ADP concentration
*** Double Points***
The signaling molecule that may inhibit muscle growth during concurrent training is:
A) AMPK
B) Creatine kinase
C) mTOR
D) Calcium ATPase
A) AMPK