Ch 4- Hormones during exercise
True or false:
Hormone secretion is constant.
False, pulsatile (rhythmically/"beat" release)
True or False:
Veins can not constrict since they have no smooth muscles.
False (think about the muscle pump action)
True or False:
During forced expiration, the internal intercostals muscles are engaged.
True
True or False:
Carbon monoxide pollution is a hindrance to exercise because of its higher affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen.
True
Erythropoietin release is the primary stimulus for:
A. Angiotensin conversion
B. Red blood cell production
C. Renin release
D. Water retention
B. Red blood cell production
Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood:
A. 25%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 55%
E. 70%
D. 55%
Alveoli are structurally and functionally most similar to which part of the cardiovascular system:
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
E. Both A & D
C. Capillaries
Approximately, how long does it take to reach a new steady state after increasing the intensity of one’s exercise after an initial cardiorespiratory steady state has already been reached:
A. 30 seconds
B. 2 minutes
C. 5 minutes
D. None of the above
B. 2 minutes
Which of the following pairs of hormones typically act in opposition to each other:
A. GH & aldosterone
B. Thyrotropin & cortisol
C. Insulin & glucagon
D. Epinephrine & T3
E. All of the above
C. Insulin & glucagon
In hemoglobin, CO2 binds to:
A. The iron in the heme
B. The heme (noniron portion)
C. The globular protein
D. Both B & C
C. The globular protein
Why does hyperventilation decrease the drive to breathe:
A. It decreases PO2
B. It decreases PCO2 and increases pH
C. It increases PCO2 and decreases pH
D. It increases PO2 and decreases pH
B. It decreases PCO2 and increases pH
Ventilation is:
A. Directly proportional to exercise intensity
B. Inversely proportional to exercise intensity
C. Not related to exercise intensity
D. Primarily an anticipatory response to exercise
A. Directly proportional to exercise intensity
Trace an electrical impulse through the heart.
Sinoatrial node (SA Node) > Atrial walls > Collects at Atrioventricular node (AV Node) > Dramatic pause > Bundle of His > Left & Right Bundle branches > Left Bundle splits into Posterior & Anterior Divisions > Purkinje fibers > Ventricular contraction
Which of the following hormones increases a person’s feeling of hunger when it is secreted by the GI tract:
A. Ghrelin
B. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)
C. Leptin
D. Peptide YY (PPY)
A. Ghrelin
Which element of the cardiac conduction system is completely located within the interventricular septum:
A. Bundle of His
B. Sinoatrial node
C. Atrioventricular node
D. Purkinje fibers
A. Bundle of His
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after expiration and cannot be exhaled is the:
A. Residual volume
B. Tidal volume
C. Total lung capacity
D. Vital capacity
A. Residual volume
Which of the following is the most accurate method for determining an estimated HRmax:
A. Lactate threshold minus VO2max
B. Maximal cardiac output or maximal stroke volume
C. 220 – age in years
D. 208 – (age in years x 0.7)
D. 208 – (age in years x 0.7)
Trace a spec of O2 from inspiration to expiration.
Inspiration > Nasal Cavity > Pharynx > Larynx > Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Alveoli > Pulmonary Capillaries for O2 & CO2 Exchange > Bronchioles > Bronchi > Trachea > Larynx > Pharynx > Nasal Cavity > Expiration
Which of the following is a key characteristic of steroid hormones is:
A. They are derived from amino acids
B. They are lipid soluble
C. They have a short half-life
D. They attach to nonspecific cellular receptors
B. They are lipid soluble
End-diastolic volume – end-systolic volume =
A. Mean arterial pressure
B. Cardiac output
C. Stroke volume
D. Ejection fraction
E. None of the above
C. Stroke volume
Dalton's law states:
A. Gases dissolve in blood in proportion to their individual partial pressures.
B. Surface area and gas partial pressures help determine the rate of gas diffusion.
C. The flow rate of oxygen per minute into the lungs is equal to the product of atmospheric pressure and resistance supplied by the bronchial tree.
D. The partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide add up to atmospheric pressure.
D. The partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide add up to atmospheric pressure.
Based on breathing patterns immediately after exercise, post-exercise breathing is most likely:
A. Determined by PO2
B. Mediated solely by neural mechanisms
C. Perfectly matched to metabolic need
D. Regulated by blood pH, PCO2, and temperature
D. Regulated by blood pH, PCO2, and temperature
Trace a drop of blood through the heart, into the lungs, and back.
Superior, inferior vena cavae > RA > Tricuspid valve > RV > Pulmonic valve > Pulmonary arteries > Lungs > Pulmonary veins > LA > Mitral valve (AKA: Bicuspid valve)> LV > Aortic valve > Aorta