Ch.6 (Kayla)
This early vocal behavior helps infants become accustomed to airflow across the vocal folds and learn to modify breathing patterns.
What is crying?
Language and cognitive development influence each other and develop alongside one another.
What is parallel development?
During the newborn stage, infants show a preference for the following stimuli
What is the Human face?
Symbolic representation
A child uses a block as a phone during play. What underlying cognitive skill is being demonstrated?
This communicative behavior includes pointing, showing objects, giving objects, and signaling “no,” often used with or without vocalizations (Ch6)
What are gestures?
These sounds are related to bodily functions such as burping, coughing, and swallowing and involve both inhalation and exhalation.
What are vegetative sounds?
Two knowledge structures are assumed to guide word acquisition in young children.
What are event-based knowledge and taxonomic knowledge?
This stage of communication development occurs from birth to 8 months and includes crying and cooing without clear signaling.
What is the prelocutionary stage?
Grammatical structure and conversational turn-taking
During play, children alternate roles and follow flexible sequences. What aspect of language does this most closely mirror?
The child likely has deficits in symbolic and pragmatic language skills, which can limit vocabulary diversity, narrative development, and social communication abilities. (ch.9)
A 4-year-old child participates in play but demonstrates limited role flexibility, minimal symbolic use of objects, and reduced negotiation with peers. Based on play-language theory, identify the primary deficit and explain its impact on language development.
These are the earliest vocalizations produced by newborns, including crying and fussing, that occur primarily during exhalation.
What are reflexive sounds?
The cognitive learning principle where children compare and contrast stimuli along important dimensions.
What is stimulus discrimination?
Beginning around 8-9 months, infants communicate with vocalization, eye contact, and gestures.
What is the Illotutionary stage?
It provides meaningful, contextualized learning with shared attention
Why does play support semantic development more effectively than rote instruction?
Model pretend actions and scaffold role-play with guided language prompts. (ch.9)
Design one intervention strategy for a child with limited symbolic play.
These sounds are produced in the throat and include growling or low throat noises during early speech development.
What are glottal sounds?
The cognitive process that involves storing information after classifying stimuli.
What is memory or knowledge storage?
This state of communication development begins around 12 months and includes the child's first meaningful words.
What is the Locutionary stage?
They require negotiation, problem-solving, and communication
Why are disagreements during play considered beneficial for language development?
A 10-month-old infant imitates the intonation and rhythm of their caregiver by saying “ba?” with rising pitch when asking for something.
What is the echolalic stage?
These sounds are produced at the back of the mouth and typically include sounds like /k/ and /g/.
What are velar sounds?
This concept explains how language skills are closely related to specific cognitive skills.
What is the language–thought relationship?
When two or more individuals share a common focus on the same object, they are demonstrating this.
What is a joint reference?
It integrates language learning into meaningful, real-life interactions
Critically explain why play is considered a “naturalistic language intervention.”
A 7-month-old infant who was previously babbling frequently begins to show a noticeable decrease in vocalizations and limited sound variety.
What is a possible sign of hearing loss?