Kayla
This sensory ability is critical during the babbling stage because children who are deaf or hard of hearing may show a decrease in vocalizations.
What is hearing ability?
The language process in which children use linguistic input, conceptual input, and memory to understand language.
What is comprehension?
These two gaze behaviours are common around three months and support shared attention between the caregiver and infant.
What are joint attending and mutual gaze (gaze coupling)?
It reduces performance pressure, allowing children to attempt language without fear of failure.
Explain why the non-goal-oriented nature of play reduces communicative breakdowns.
These three developmental systems work together to support early speech and language development.
What are cognitive, perceptual, and motor development?
This stage occurs between approximately 8 and 12 months and involves infants imitating sounds, pitch, intonation, and gestures.
What is the echolalic stage?
This language process requires the child to focus on the form and intent of an utterance.
What is production?
This type of speech uses a higher pitch, exaggerated facial expressions, a slower rate, and shorter utterances when adults talk to infants.
What is infant directive speech?
Transition from passive to interactive participation.
What developmental shift occurs when infants begin having a role at 13 weeks?
Around 8–9 months.
At what age does intentional communication begin?
This stage of vocal development includes long strings of repeated consonant-vowel syllables.
Ex: “ma-ma-ma.”
What is reduplicated babbling?
The relationship between comprehension and production is described as constantly changing with development.
What is a dynamic relationship?
The three primary functions of infant-directed speech include holding attention, supporting attachment, and molding this developmental outcome
What is the development of early communication?
They require children to generate language rather than rely on fixed meanings.
Why are nonspecific props preferred in intervention?
It supports communication development and interaction.
Why is caregiver responsiveness critical?
During this stage, infants experiment with sound production by combining consonants and vowels.
Ex: “ba,” “da,” and “ma.”
What is consonant-vowel babbling?
The principle stating that words refer to entire objects rather than their parts.
What is the whole-object principle?
These two communication functions used by infants include requesting and sharing attention about something.
What are protoimperatives in protodeclaratives?
It requires describing, labeling, and explaining functions.
Explain how creating props supports expressive language.
This type of vocalization includes long strings of unintelligible sounds that help infants practice speech motor control
What are extended vocalizations or long strings of babbled speech?
This type of vocalization includes long strings of unintelligible sounds that help infants practice speech motor control.
What are extended vocalizations or long strings of babbled speech?
A process where children use what they already know about language to figure out unfamiliar language.
What is bootstrapping?
These three caregiver strategies support communication in young children and are summarized as observing and waiting, adjusting interaction, and expanding the child's communication.
What are allow, adapt, and add?
Train caregivers to increase quantity and quality of language input.
How would you apply Hart & Risley findings in intervention planning?
This process occurs when infants begin producing approximations of stressed syllables in frequently heard words, such as saying “na-na” for banana.
What are early word approximations?